Cascadia Historic Earthquake Catalog, 1793-1929
Covering Washington, Oregon and Southern British Columbia

Provided by: The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network
About the Cascadia Historic Earthquake Catalog     One-line catalog format

1793-1849 .... 1850s .... 1860s .... 1870s .... 1880s .... 1890s .... 1900s .... 1910s .... 1920s .... 1930s (not complete) .... Other Cascadia Catalogs

  
  
1793-1849
Event #1 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  1
This earthquake was not listed in earlier catalogs. It is known from the diary of George Vancouver, who learned of "a very severe shock" at Nootka from Fidalgo.
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1793  17                    Nootka  B.C.           
DIARY - 1613 - - - DIARY - 1613 -
Event #2 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  2
Volcanic Activity Known only from Plummer's article in the Tacoma Ledger - February 28, 1893. The story goes: "According to the story of John Hiaton (now living) it was about the year 1820 that he witnessed an eruption of Mount Tacoma, accompanied by fire, noise and earthquake. He had heard from older members of his tribe that this had happened many times. "
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1820                        Mt. Rainier  WA           
N-WPP - 2461 - - - N-WPP - 2461 -
Event #3 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  3
From James McMillan's Journal (now located in the B. C. archives: "November 23, 1827: Last night a noise was heard by some of the men, resembling the sound of distant cannon. The houses were shaken a little at the time, which makes us suppose that it was a slight shock of earthquake, as a tree falling would not have been so readily felt."
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1827  11  23                    Fort Langley  B.C.           
MISC - 1992 - - - MISC - 1992 -
Event #4 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  4
Volcanic Activity Known only from Plummer's article in the Tacoma Ledger - February 28, 1893. He says: "Mount St. Helens is an active volcano, and was in a state of eruption in the year 1831. With the exception of a slight red, lurid appearance the day was dark and so completely was the light of the sun shut out by the smoke and falling ashes that candles were necessary. The weather was perfectly calm and without wind, and during several days after the eruption the fires out of doors burned with a bluish flame as though the atmosphere was filled with sulphur. Credible persons in Oregon have informed me that they have on several occasions since seen the fire and smoke of this volcano."
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1831                      Mount St. Helens  WA           
N-WPP - 2463 - - - N-WPP - 2463 -
Event #5 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  5
The source information for this earthquake is the diary of William Fraser Tolmie, who experienced the quake in the vicinity of Fort Nisqually. Plummer(Tacoma Ledger - February 28, 1893 - transcribed in WPPSS documents) summarizes: "At 1:40 p.m. Of June 29, 1833, two earthquake shocks of slight intensity were felt at Fort Nisqually- A messenger who afterward arrived from Fort Vancouver, 100 miles to the southward, reported that no shock was felt at that point." It does not appear in the 1887 Holden catalog, but the 1898 version cites Plummer, and assigns an intensity of RF II to this earthquake.
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1833  29  40            Fort Nisqually  WA  II  RF       
DIARY - 2611 - - - HOLD2 - 2533 -
Event #6 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  6
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1834            Port Townsend  WA           
N-WA - 6041 - - - N-WA - 6041 -
Event #7 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  7
Previously uncataloged earthquaket, known only from "The Journal of Occurrences at Fort Nisqually Commencing May 30, 1833; Ending September 27, 1859". The quake is described as strong enough to wake and terrify sleepers.
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1837  12  21                Fort Nisqually  WA           
DIARY - 2612 - - - DIARY - 2612 -
Event #8 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  8
Volcanic Activity Known only from Holden (1887): "1841. Violent eruptions of Mt. Raynier, Oregon.-Perrey. [?]"
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1841                        Mt. Rainier  WA           
HOLD1 - 414 - - - HOLD1 - 414 -
Event #9 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  9
The assignment of intensity V by U.S. Earthquake history (repeated in some other catalogs) is in error. The sole source for this event is the diary of deMofras, which reports "three oscillations of a second at most" The error occurred because the account by Gibbs in the Journal of the American Geographical Society refers to a letter from Mr. Yale, apparently written in 1856, regarding his recollections of past earthquakes in northwest Washington (?). The larger event described might correspond to the event of Nov. 1853 cited by Milne as felt in Victoria.
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1841  12  45.60  122.70        Vancouver  WA  MM       
DIARY - 1612 USEQS - 909 - - RAS - 1 -
Event #10 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  10
Other (non-earthquake) Tsunami recorded at Astoria (Lander p 121)
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1841  12  23                    Astoria  OR           
LANGE - 7113 - - - LANGE - 7113 -
Event #11 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  11
Other (non-earthquake) Tsunami recorded at Astoria (Lander p 121)
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1841  12  24                    Astoria  OR           
LANGE - 7113 - - - LANGE - 7113 -
Event #12 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  12
Volcanic Activity Known only from Holden, 1887: "1842. Eruption of Mt. Baker, W. T.-Perrey. [?]"
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1842                        Mt. Baker  WA           
HOLD1 - 417 - - - HOLD1 - 417 -
Event #13 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  13
Volcanic Activity In his 1887 catalog Holden says: "1842. September 28; Eruption of Mt. St. Helens, Oregon.-Perrey. [?]". In Plummer (Tacoma Ledger - February 28, 1893; transcribed in WPPSS documents) the following account is included: " The Rev. Gustavus Hines, an early missionary to the Columbia river country, writes that "in the month of October 1842, St. Helens was discovered all at once to be covered with a dense cloud of smoke, which continued to enlarge and move off in dense masses to the eastward, and filling the heavens in that direction, presented an appearance like that occasioned by a tremendous conflagration viewed at a vast distance. When the first volume of smoke had cleared away it could be distinctly seen from different parts of the country that an eruption had taken place on the north side of St. Helens, a little below the summit, and from the smoke that continued to rise from the chasm or crater it was pronounced to be a volcano in active operation. When the explosion took place the wind was northwest, and on the same day and extending from thirty to fifty miles to the southeast there fell showers of ashes or dust, which covered the ground in some places so as to admit of its being gathered in quantities. This last phenomena has been of frequent occurrence and has led many to suppose that volcanic eruptions are not uncommon in this country."
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1842  28                    Mt. St Helens  OR           
HOLD1 - 415 - - - HOLD1 - 415 -
Event #14 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  14
Volcanic Activity Known only from Holden (1887): "1842. November 23; Eruption of Mt. St. Helens.-Perrey. (1843?) [?]"
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1842  11  23                    Mt. St Helens  OR           
HOLD1 - 416 - - - HOLD1 - 416 -
Event #15 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  15
Volcanic Activity Known only from Holden (1887): "1843. Eruption of Mt. Baker, Oregon.-Perrey. [?]"
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1843                        Mt. Baker  WA           
HOLD1 - 419 - - - HOLD1 - 419 -
Event #16 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  16
Volcanic Activity According to Plummer's article (1893): "The explorer, Fremont, says that on the 13th day of November, 1843, two
of the great snow cones (Mounts Tacoma and St. Helens) were in action."
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1843  11  13                    Mt. St. Helens  WA           
N-WPP - 2465 - - - N-WPP - 2465 -
Event #17 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  17
Volcanic Activity According to Plummer's 1893 artlcle, the explorer Fremont said: "On the 23rd of November St. Helens scattered its ashes like a light fall of snow over the dalles of the Columbia fifty miles away,"
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1843  11  23                    Mt. St. Helens  WA           
N-WPP - 2465 - - - N-WPP - 2465 -
Event #18 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  18
Volcanic Activity Known only from Holden (1887): "1843. November 23; Eruption of Mt. Raynier.-Perrey. (See 1842, November 23, and 1841.) [?]"
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1843  11  23                    Mt. Rainier  WA           
HOLD1 - 418 - - - HOLD1 - 418 -
Event #19 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  19
Volcanic Activity Known only from Plummer's article in the Tacoma Ledger - February 28, 1893. The story goes: "The explorer, Fremont, says that on the 13th day of November, 1843, two of the great snow cones (Mounts Tacoma and St. Helens) were in action. 'On the 23rd of November St. Helens scattered its ashes like a light fall of snow over the dalles of the Columbia fifty miles away,' and it was still burning on February 16,1844, when another witness described it thus-, 'The mountain burned most magnificently. Dense masses of smoke rose up in immense columns and wreathed the whole crest of the peak in sombre and massive clouds, and in the evening its fires lit up the flaky mountain side with a flood of soft, yet brilliant radiance.'"
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1844  16                    Mt. St. Helens  WA           
N-WPP - 2465 - - - N-WPP - 2465 -
Event #20 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  20
Volcanic Activity Eruption of Mount St. Helens, known only from Plummer's article in the Tacoma Ledger - February 28, 1893. "Father De Smet testifies that 'in the year 1846 Mounts St, Helens and Baker became volcanoes, the latter immediately preceding the time of writing
had undergone considerable changes on the side where the crater was formed.'"
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1846                        Mt. St. Helens             
N-WPP - 2466 - - - N-WPP - 2466 -
Event #21 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  21
Volcanic Activity Supposed eruption of Mt Baker, known only from Plummer's article in the Tacoma Ledger - February 28, 1893. See the account dealing with Mount Tacoma in 1846.
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1846                        Mt. Baker  WA           
N-WPP - 2466 - - - N-WPP - 2466 -
Event #22 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  22
Explosion Account originates in Holden (1887); and is repeated in other catalogs: "1846-52; exact date not given. In Oregon City, on Rock Creek, near Portland, Oregon, explosions like those of a cannon were heard for nearly the whole of a day. At first these were about half an hour apart; then they came nearer together, until at last they were no further apart than one minute or so; finally they died away. The water in Rock Creek did not run for three days.-Verbal account of Geo. J. Ainsworth, Esq."
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1846              45.35  122.59        Oregon City  OR           
HOLD1 - 420 WWC - 1621 - - HOLD1 - 420 -
Event #23 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  23
Volcanic Activity Eruption of Mt. Tacoma (Rainier). Known only from Plummer's article in the Tacoma Ledger - February 28, 1893. Mentioned in comments on 1846 activity at Mount St. Helens and Mt. Baker . " It is also reported that Mount Tacoma showed signs of activity at this time."
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1846                        Mt. Tacoma  WA           
N-WPP - 2466 - - - N-WPP - 2466 -
Event #24 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs                                            Full references for Event #  24
Other (non-earthquake) Fron the Oregon Spectator - an account of loud noises, Silver Creek drying up for 24 hours , and a rain of ashes. Large forest fires were raging at the time.
TIME LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAX. INTENSITY FELT AREA
YR MO DAY HR MIN AM/PM Time
Type
LAT(N) LON(W) DEP
(km)
MAG Mag
Type
Felt
Plc.
Felt
St.
Inten-
sity
Int.
Type
Felt
Area
Felt
Area
Int.
Felt
Area
Units
1849  10  15                    Marion County  OR           
N-OR - 1594 - - - N-OR - 1594 -

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