Individual Event Report
| Event #457 - Summary, and parameter estimates with source IDs |
This event was preceded by a possible foreshock several hours earlier. There are some discrepencies about the duration of this event. A brief article in the Seattle PI says that the shaking lasted more than a minute, while Reid's notes say: "The second shock was the stumper and appears to have been double, lasting almost 40 seconds with an interval of 15 seconds between the two parts." The BSSA says that the shock was of 5 seconds duration.
Townley and Allen say that this event as felt at Edmonds, Seattle, and Tacoma, with the greatest intensity at Tacoma. They cite "BSSA, 4, 41; S. F. Chronicle, December 26, 1913; Reid's Scrapbook, 3, 194." Reid's notes say that it was recorded in Seattle, but not in Victoria.
The felt area and magnitude source is Dr. Garry Rogers' dissertation.
Additional newspaper research might help to clarify what was experienced. |
| TIME |
LOCATION |
MAGNITUDE |
MAX. INTENSITY |
FELT AREA |
| YR |
MO |
DAY |
HR |
MIN |
AM/PM |
Time
Type |
LAT(N) |
LON(W) |
DEP
(km) |
MAG |
Mag
Type |
Felt
Plc. |
Felt
St. |
Inten-
sity |
Int.
Type |
Felt
Area |
Felt
Area
Int. |
Felt
Area
Units |
| 1913 |
12 |
25 |
6 |
40 |
A |
P |
47.75 |
122.50 |
|
4.70 |
MI |
Edmonds |
WA |
|
|
8000.00 |
|
mi2 |
| TAWA - 1132 |
BRAD - 298 |
- |
GCR - 2330 |
TAWA - 1132 |
BRAD - 298 |
Underlying Source Material
| Source ID |
Publication |
Pub Date |
Pub Details |
| 1611 |
The Post-Intelligence |
1913 |
Friday, Dec 26, 1913 |
| Transcription: Quake awakened people taking a morning nap. Vibrations were felt in all sections of the city. Disturbance lasts more than a minute and is confined to Puget Sound County- attributed to slipping of rock strata into a fault- third in four years. The usual christmas greetings was lost in the glare of a local excitement yesterday. |
| |
| Source ID |
Publication |
Pub Date |
Pub Details |
| 946 |
U. S. Dept. of Commerce, 1973, Earthquake History of the United States, V. 41-1, revised ed., pp. 89-96 |
1973 |
|
| Transcription: Dec. 25 06:40 Puget Sound, Wash 47.7 122.5 8,000 V 3-25 |
| |
| Source ID |
Publication |
Pub Date |
Pub Details |
| 298 |
Bradford, Donald C., 1935, Seismic History of the Puget Sound Basin, BSSA, V. 25, No. 2, pp. 138-153 |
1935 |
|
| Transcription: 1913 December 25; Seattle and Edmonds. Edmonds (1) 2:45 a.m.; (2) 6:40 a.m.; Seattle (2) 6:40 a.m. The origin was probably in Puget Sound at 47 degrees 45' north, 122 degrees 30' west; felt over an area of 8,000 square miles; second shock was the stronger, lasting forty seconds. |
| |
| Source ID |
Publication |
Pub Date |
Pub Details |
| 1132 |
Townley, S. D. and M. W. Allen, 1939, Descriptive Catalog of Earthquakes of the Pacific Coast of the United States 1769-1928, Chap. III Earthquakes in Washington, 1883-1928, BSSA, V. 29, No. 1, pp. 259-268 |
1939 |
|
| Transcription: 1913 December 25. 2:45 a.m. and 6:40 a.m. IV? Edmonds, Snohomish Co. The second shock was felt at Seattle also, intensity about IV, and at Tacoma, IV to V.-BSSA, 4, 41; S. F. Chronicle, December 26, 1913; Reid's Scrapbook, 3, 194. |
| |
| Source ID |
Publication |
Pub Date |
Pub Details |
| 756 |
Reid, unpub., Scrapbook and Cardfile, on microfilm at USGS in Menlo Park |
|
|
| Transcription: near Seattle 47 3/4 degrees N; 122 1/2 degrees W PST 2:45 am, 6:42 am 25 Dec, 1913 GMT 10h 45m, 14h 42m V second shock 5 seconds -Bull SSA IV, 41; SB III, 194; Corresp Shocks felt in the region near Seattle, Edmonds 15 mi N of Seattle, reports both shocks. Seattle only the second. Origin probably in Puget Sound about Latitude 47 3/4 degrees N, 122 1/2 degrees W. Felt all over Puget Sound region probably over an area of 8,000 sq mi. The second shock was the stumper and appears to have been double, last ing almost 40 seconds with an interval of 15 seconds between the two parts. Not recorded at Victoria, but recorded at Seattle, but no report obtainable. |
| |
| Source ID |
Publication |
Pub Date |
Pub Details |
| 2170 |
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |
1914 |
V. 4, p. 41 |
| Transcription: Slight earthquake at Seattle. - A shock of five seconds duration was felt in Seattle and some of the neighboring towns on December 25, 1913, at 6:40 a.m. Windows were rattled and lights were extinquished in some places, but no serious damage was done. At Edmonds, fifteen miles north of Seattle, two shocks were felt on the same date, one occurring at 2:45 a.m. and the other at 6:42 a.m. |
| |
| Source ID |
Publication |
Pub Date |
Pub Details |
| 2330 |
Garry Colin Rogers, Seismotectonics of British Coulmbia, PhD Thesis |
1983 |
PhD Thesis, Dept. of Geophysics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, pp. 19-27 and p. 228 |
Transcription: TABLE Il
Larger Historic Vancouver Island - Puget Sound Earthquakes
Their Felt Area (In square KM -RSL 6/95) and Resulting Magnitude
FELT PREVIOUS(1) FELT AREA (2)
DATE COORDINATES AREA MAGNITUDE MAGNITUDE
1872 DEC 14 48.6 121.4 1010,000 - 7.3
1903 MAR 14 47.7 122.2 26,000* 4.3 4.9
1904 MAR 17 47.8 123.0 50,000* 6.0 5.3
1909 JAN 11 48.7 122.8 150,000 5.6 6.0
1911 SEP 29 48.8 122.7 8,000 4.3 4.1
1913 DEC 25 47.7 122.5 20,000* 4.3 4.7
1915 AUG 18 48.5 121.4 77,000* 5.5 4.6 (This magnitude is a typographic error in Roger's thesis correct magnitude should be 5.6, based on the felt area given here RSL 6/95)
1918 DEC 06 49.5 125.9 650,000 7.0 7.0
1920 JAN 24 48.6 123.0 70,000 5.0 5.5
1923 FEB 12 49.0 122.7 8,000 4.3 4.1
1926 DEC 04 48.5 123.0 30,000 4.3 5.0
1928 FEB 09 49.0 125.3 120,000 3.7 5.8
(List continues through 1965 - RSL 6/1995)
*Felt area from "Earthquake History of the United States" by Coffman and
von Hake (1973).
1)Magnitude in the Canadian Earthquake Data File.
2)Calculated using Toppozada's (1975) relationships
5) Comments on Revisions of Some Key Earthquakes (Figure 6)
a) March 16, 1904
In the Canadian Earthquake Data File the epicentre for this event was located on the west
side of the Olympic Peninsula and it was assigned a magnitude of 6. in "Earthquake History of
the United States" it is given the location of Victoria, B.C. and assigned an intensity value of V.
A study of felt levels from newspaper reports suggests the earthquake has an epicentre along the
west side of Puget Sound, south of Port Townsend and that the magnitude is about 5. The
confirmation that this earthquake was not near the west coast of the Olympic Peninsula is
important as no large earthquakes have yet been located along the coast.
b) January 11, 1909
Felt reports from newspapers limit this epicentre to the San Juan Islands region where
several instances of damage occurred. Felt information also clearly shows that the size of the
isoseismal maps is between that for the 1965 Seattle earthquake and the 1976 Gulf Islands
earthquake (Figure 7). The magnitude is about 6 according to Toppozada's (1975) felt area
relationship. Lack of aftershocks and lack of higher intensities in the epicentral region suggest
this event belongs to the deeper suite of earthquakes. This event is significant because it
points out that large earthquakes in the deeper suite can also occur north of Puget Sound.
c) December 6, 1918
This earthquake has several epicentres in the literature which are shown in Figure 8.
Investigations with the set of P arrival times listed in the ISS place the epicentre on Vancouver
Island near the west coast, south of the present town of Gold River which did not exist in 1918.
Because of the quality of 1918 arrival times this epicentre has an uncertainty of the order of + 50
km. Felt information collected by Dennison (1919) and supplemented by newspaper
investigations suggest the magnitude of 7 (Ms) calculated by Gutenberg and Richter (1949) is
correct.
d) February 9, 1928
Felt information and a 100 mile distance issued from the Victoria seismograph station (VGZ),
presumably from the S-P interval, indicates the earthquake was in the vicinity of Barkely Sound
and had a magnitude of about 5-3/4. This event was in the Canadian Earthquake Data File but
was located in the Strait of Juan de Fuca with a magnitude of 3.7. It is significant that an
earthquake of this size occurred in the Barkely Sound region as there have been no events
above magnitude 4 in that region since 1928.
e) September 17, 1926 and May 7, 1927
Both of these events were assigned epicentres by the ISS at the location previously
calculated for the epicentre of the December 6, 1918 earthquake (Figure 8). Because of the
proximity of the cities of Nanaimo and Victoria and the distribution of population close to the ISS
epicentral region, these earthquakes could not have been located there as they would have been
felt. With the data listed in the ISS and felt reports they were located elsewhere. The 1927
event occurred in the vicinity of Brooks Peninsula on Vancouver Island and the 1926 event
occurred on the mainland north of Vancouver (see Appendix 1).
APPENDIX 1 - Revised parameters fir earthquakes in the Vancouver Island-Puget Sound Region 1900-1950
( P 128. - Included here are 1900-1928; Times apparently GMT -RSL 5/95)
YEAR DATE TIME LAT LONG MAG
1903 Mar. 14 02:15 47.7 122.2 4.9 Location from "EQ Hist. of the US.", mag. from felt area
1904 Mar. 17 04:21 47.8 123.0 5.3 Location from "EQ Hist. of the US.", mag. from felt area
1909 Jan. 11 23:49 48.7 122.8 6.0 Location based on felt reports, mag. from felt area
1911 Sept. 29 02:39 48.8 122.7 4.1 Location from "EQ Hist. of the US.", mag. from felt area
1913 Dec. 25 14:40 47.7 122.5 4.7 Location from "EQ Hist. of the US.", mag. from felt area
1915 Aug. 18 14:05 48.5 121.4 4.6 Location from "EQ Hist. of the US.", mag. from felt area (Note - the magnitude of 4.6 is due to a typographical error in Table 1 of Roger's thesis. The correct magnitude, based on a felt area of 77,000 square km is 5.6 RSL 6/95)
1918 Dec. 06 08:41:05.8 49.62 125.92 7.0 Recalc. from ISS data. Mag. from Gutenberg and Richter (1949) and felt area.
1919 Oct. 10 01:07:16.5 48.63 127.15 5.5 Recalc. from ISS data. Mag. estimated from the number of P arrivals.
1920 Jan. 24 07:10 48.6 123.0 5.5 Location from "EQ Hist. of the US.", mag. from felt area
1923 Feb. 12 18:30 49.0 122.7 4.1 Location from "EQ Hist. of the US.", mag. from felt area
1926 Sept. 17 23:14:40 50.0 123.0 5.5 Recalc. from ISS data. Mag. estimated from the number of P arrivals. This event was previously identified as occurring on Sept. 7 at 22:14:36
1926 Dec. 4 13:55 48.5 123.0 5.0 Location based on felt reports, Magnitude from felt area
1927 May 7 21:56 50.15 127.85 5.5 Gonzales (VGZ) S-P and felt reports are similar to 1978 Brooks Peninsula events, thus this epicentre is used. Magnitude from felt area. This event was previously identified as occurring on May 8 at 14:00.
1928 Feb. 9 11:05 49.0 125.3 5.8 Location on the basis of Gonzales (VGZ) S-P and felt reports. Magnitude from felt area. |
| |
| Source ID |
Publication |
Pub Date |
Pub Details |
| 1005 |
U. S. Dept. of Commerce, 1973, Earthquake History of the United States, V. 41-1, revised ed., pp. 89-96 |
1973 |
|
| Transcription: 1913. December 25. Puget Sound, Wash. Two shocks were felt at Seattle and Edmonds, Wash.; second was stronger. |
| |
| Source ID |
Publication |
Pub Date |
Pub Details |
| 118 |
Rasmussen, Norman, 1967, Washington state earthquakes 1840 through 1965, BSSA V. 57, No. 3, pp. 463-476 |
1967 |
|
| Transcription: 118 1913 Dec. 25 10:45 & 14:40 47.7 N, 122.5 W V 1,4 felt over 8,000 sq. mi.; two shocks |
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