Since 1984, we have issued quarterly bulletins for all of Washington and Oregon. These include catalogs of earthquakes and blasts located in Washington and Oregon, providing up-to-date coverage of seismic and volcanic activity. Appendix 1 contains quarterly bulletins covering 2001.
The PNSN is continuing the long process of upgrading operations. Upgrades include enhancement of the emergency information distribution system, installation of seismic sensors that can accurately capture the full range of earthquake amplitudes and frequencies, implementation of a data recording system that fully supports multi-component data, and near-real-time data exchange with neighboring networks.
The USGS/NOAA CREST (Consolidated Reporting of EarthquakeS and Tsunamis) project is designed to improve NOAA's ability to assess the likelihood of a tsunami and issue timely warnings in the event of a west coast subduction earthquake. CREST calls for upgrades to regional networks to enable them to provide very rapid and reliable information to the Alaska and Pacific Tsunami Warning Centers. Installation of CREST stations began in 1998. In 2001, CREST Oregon stations were installed in Eugene, Tahkenitch, and Toledo. In Washington, stations were installed in Port Angeles, and near Forks, Washington. Two additional sites; at Megler, Washington and Mt. Hebo, Oregon; were installed during 2001 but telemetry was not yet functioning.
Since 1996, the PNSN has installed digital strong-motion instruments. Most of these are in the Puget Sound Area, but stations are also being sited in other urban areas. In 2001, 23 new permanent (and 2 temporary) instruments were installed, bringing the total number of PNSN real-time strong-motion instruments to 70. Continuous data from these stations are sent to the PNSN via Internet or lease-line modem. Most of the strong-motion instruments (except CREST stations) also have internal memory and are configured to record internally if ground motions exceed a specified threshold. If continuous data transmission fails, the internally recorded data are still available via dial-up retrieval or site visit. Three additional dial-up stations in the Portland area are operated by the USGS.
RACE is an earthquake notification system for emergency managers and others who need very rapid pager-based notification of earthquake activity. The RACE system is based on the CUBE system developed at Caltech for the Southern California Seismic Network. The RACE system is operating in approximately 10 emergency management and state agencies in Washington and Oregon.
In 2001, scossa became our primary EARTHWORM computer, and milli was demoted to primary backup computer, while verme remained the secondary backup computer.
When one of our SUNWORM digitizers began to have problems in early 2001, we obtained an official EARTHWORM digitizer from the central EARTHWORM team. By the end of 2001, the complex wiring for pigia , the new Intel-based EARTHWORM digitizer running under Windows NT, was completed and pigia began digitizing data. Pigia will operate as an EARTHWORM node, exporting digitized data to verme. We are currently configuring the files that associate channel numbers with station and component names. Full integration of pigia into our data acquisition process is expected in the first quarter of 2002.
In mid-February a new earthquake magnitude calculator, localmag , was implemented as part of our routine earthworm system. It had been tested by its developer, Pete Lombard, using previously recorded PNSN data but calibration had not been completed. Thus, PNSN staff had only very brief training and minimal experience with localmag when the Nisqually earthquake occurred on Feb. 28. The initial magnitude estimates from localmag were available less than 15 minutes after the earthquake, and were very close to the final magnitude of 6.8. We continue to gather information on how localmag performs over a wider magnitude range.
During January and early February, Steve Malone gave a 6-week class on the PNSN EARTHWORM implementation. This class brought PNSN staff up-to-date on most of the critical features of our data acquisition system, and improved our ability to deal with operational problems, which worked out well in the Nisqually earthquake.
Figure 1 shows seismograph stations operated by the PNSN at the end of 2001, when the PNSN EARTHWORM SYSTEM was digitally recording 439 channels of real-time or near-real-time seismic data. Stations available include a total of 149 short-period stations, 30 broad-band, and 73 strong-motion stations.
This contract (JOA 01HQAG0011) supports 99 short-period sites (some with multiple components) and operation of 70 strong motion and 18 broad-band stations. The supported stations cover much of western Washington and Oregon, including the volcanos of the central Cascades.
Additional stations funded by other contracts, or telemetered in real or near-real time from adjacent networks, are also used in event locations. Station Tables 1A-1C list the locations of various types of stations. Quarterly reports provide additional details of station operation. Quarterly reports from January 1, 2001 through December, 2001 are included as Appendix 1.
Aside from station outages, normal maintenance includes a visit to each site at least once every two years to replace batteries and do preventive maintenance. In addition seismometers must be replaced every 4-6 years. More than 30 radio telemetry relay sites are also maintained independently of the seismograph stations.
Table 1A lists short-period, mostly vertical-component stations used in locating seismic events in Washington and Oregon. The first column in the table gives the 3-letter station designator, followed by a symbol designating the funding agency; stations marked by a percent sign (%) were supported by USGS joint operating agreement 01-HQ-AG-0011. A plus (+) indicates support under Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Battelle contract 259116-A-B3. Stations designated "#" are USGS-maintained stations recorded at the PNSN. Stations designated by letters are operated by other networks, and telemetered to the PNSN. "M" stations are received from the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, "C" stations from the Canadian Pacific Geoscience Center, "U" stations from the US Geological Survey (usually USNSN stations), "N" stations from the USGS Northern California Network, and "H" stations from the Hanford Reservation via the Pacific Northwest National Labs. Other designation indicate support from other sources. Additional columns give station north latitude and west longitude (in degrees, minutes and seconds), station elevation in km, and comments indicating landmarks for which stations were named.
TABLE 1A - Short-period Stations operated by the PNSN during the fourth quarter 2001 STA F LAT LONG EL NAME ASR % 46 09 09.9 121 36 01.6 1.357 Mt. Adams - Stagman Ridge AUG % 45 44 10.0 121 40 50.0 0.865 Augspurger Mtn BBO % 42 53 12.6 122 40 46.6 1.671 Butler Butte, Oregon BEN 1 46 31 12.0 119 43 18.0 0.335 W PNNL station BHW % 47 50 12.6 122 01 55.8 0.198 Bald Hill BLN % 48 00 26.5 122 58 18.6 0.585 Blyn Mt. BOW % 46 28 30.0 123 13 41.0 0.870 Boistfort Mt. BPO % 44 39 06.9 121 41 19.2 1.957 Bald Peter, Oregon BRO % 44 16 02.5 122 27 07.1 0.135 Big Rock Lookout, Oregon BRV + 46 29 07.2 119 59 28.2 0.920 Black Rock Valley BSMT M 47 51 04.8 114 47 13.2 1.950 Bassoo Peak, MT BUO % 42 16 42.5 122 14 43.1 1.797 Burton Butte, Oregon BVW + 46 48 39.5 119 52 56.4 0.670 Beverly CBS + 47 48 17.4 120 02 30.0 1.067 Chelan Butte, South CDF % 46 07 01.4 122 02 42.1 0.756 Cedar Flats CHMT M 46 54 51.0 113 15 07.0 - Chamberlain Mtn, MT CMM % 46 26 07.0 122 30 21.0 0.620 Crazy Man Mt. CMW % 48 25 25.3 122 07 08.4 1.190 Cultus Mtns. CPW % 46 58 25.8 123 08 10.8 0.792 Capitol Peak CRF 46 49 30.0 119 23 13.2 0.189 Corfu DPW + 47 52 14.3 118 12 10.2 0.892 Davenport DY2 + 47 59 06.6 119 46 16.8 0.890 Dyer Hill 2 EDM % 46 11 50.4 122 09 00.0 1.609 East Dome, Mt. St. Helens ELK % 46 18 20.0 122 20 27.0 1.270 Elk Rock ELL + 46 54 34.8 120 33 58.8 0.789 Ellensburg EPH + 47 21 22.8 119 35 45.6 0.661 Ephrata ET3 + 46 34 38.4 118 56 15.0 0.286 Eltopia (replaces ET2) ETW + 47 36 15.6 120 19 56.4 1.477 Entiat FHE + 46 57 06.9 119 29 49.0 0.455 Frenchman Hills East FL2 % 46 11 47.0 122 21 01.0 1.378 Flat Top 2 FMW % 46 56 29.6 121 40 11.3 1.859 Mt. Fremont GBB H 46 36 31.8 119 37 40.2 0.185 PNNL Station GBL + 46 35 54.0 119 27 35.4 0.330 Gable Mountain GHW % 47 02 30.0 122 16 21.0 0.268 Garrison Hill GL2 + 45 57 35.0 120 49 22.5 1.000 New Goldendale GLK % 46 33 27.6 121 36 34.3 1.305 Glacier Lake GMO % 44 26 20.8 120 57 22.3 1.689 Grizzly Mountain, Oregon GMW % 47 32 52.5 122 47 10.8 0.506 Gold Mt. GPW % 48 07 05.0 121 08 12.0 2.354 Glacier Peak GSM % 47 12 11.4 121 47 40.2 1.305 Grass Mt. GUL % 45 55 27.0 121 35 44.0 1.189 Guler Mt. H2O H 46 23 45.0 119 25 22.0 - Water PNNL Station HAM % 42 04 08.3 121 58 16.0 1.999 Hamaker Mt., Oregon HBO % 43 50 39.5 122 19 11.9 1.615 Huckleberry Mt., Oregon HDW % 47 38 54.6 123 03 15.2 1.006 Hoodsport HOG % 42 14 32.7 121 42 20.5 1.887 Hogback Mtn., Oregon HSO % 43 31 33.0 123 05 24.0 1.020 Harness Mountain, Oregon HSR % 46 10 28.0 122 10 46.0 1.720 South Ridge, Mt. St. Helens HTW % 47 48 14.2 121 46 03.5 0.833 Haystack Lookout HUO % 44 07 10.9 121 50 53.5 2.037 Husband OR (UO) JBO + 45 27 41.7 119 50 13.3 0.645 Jordan Butte, Oregon JCW % 48 11 42.7 121 55 31.1 0.792 Jim Creek JUN % 46 08 50.0 122 09 04.4 1.049 June Lake KMO % 45 38 07.8 123 29 22.2 0.975 Kings Mt., Oregon KOS % 46 27 46.7 122 11 41.3 0.610 Kosmos KTR N 41 54 31.2 123 22 35.4 1.378 CAL-NET LAB % 42 16 03.3 122 03 48.7 1.774 Little Aspen Butte, Oregon LAM N 41 36 35.2 122 37 32.1 1.769 CAL-NET LCCM M 45 50 16.8 111 52 40.8 1.669 Lewis and Clark Caverns, MT LCW % 46 40 14.4 122 42 02.8 0.396 Lucas Creek LMW % 46 40 04.8 122 17 28.8 1.195 Ladd Mt. LNO + 45 52 18.6 118 17 06.6 0.771 Lincton Mt., Oregon LO2 % 46 45 00.0 121 48 36.0 0.853 Longmire LOC + 46 43 01.2 119 25 51.0 0.210 Locke Island LVP % 46 03 59.4 122 24 10.2 1.134 Lakeview Peak MBW % 48 47 02.4 121 53 58.8 1.676 Mt. Baker MCMT M 44 49 39.6 112 50 55.8 2.323 McKenzie Canyon, MT MCW % 48 40 46.8 122 49 56.4 0.693 Mt. Constitution MDW + 46 36 47.4 119 45 39.6 0.330 Midway MEW % 47 12 07.0 122 38 45.0 0.097 McNeil Island MJ2 + 46 33 27.0 119 21 32.4 0.146 May Junction 2 MOX + 46 34 38.4 120 17 53.4 0.501 Moxie City MPO % 44 30 17.4 123 33 00.6 1.249 Mary's Peak, Oregon MTM % 46 01 31.8 122 12 42.0 1.121 Mt. Mitchell NAC + 46 43 59.4 120 49 25.2 0.728 Naches NCO % 43 42 14.4 121 08 18.0 1.908 Newberry Crater, Oregon NEL + 48 04 12.6 120 20 24.6 1.500 Nelson Butte NLO % 46 05 21.9 123 27 01.8 0.826 Nicolai Mt., Oregon OBC % 48 02 07.1 124 04 39.0 0.938 Olympics - Bonidu Creek OBH % 47 19 34.5 123 51 57.0 0.383 Olympics - Burnt Hill OCP % 48 17 53.5 124 37 30.0 0.487 Olympics - Cheeka Peak OD2 + 47 23 15.6 118 42 34.8 0.553 Odessa site 2 OFR % 47 56 00.0 124 23 41.0 0.152 Olympics - Forest Resource Cen OHW % 48 19 24.0 122 31 54.6 0.054 Oak Harbor ON2 % 46 52 50.8 123 46 51.8 0.257 Olympics - North River OOW % 47 44 03.6 124 11 10.2 0.561 Octopus West OSD % 47 48 59.2 123 42 13.7 2.008 Olympics - Snow Dome OSR % 47 30 20.3 123 57 42.0 0.815 Olympics Salmon Ridge OT3 + 46 40 08.4 119 13 58.8 0.322 New Othello (replaces OT2 8/26 OTR % 48 05 00.0 124 20 39.0 0.712 Olympics - Tyee Ridge PAT + 45 52 55.2 119 45 08.4 0.262 Paterson PCMD % 46 53 20.9 122 18 00.9 0.239 PC Mountain Detachment ANSS-SM PGO % 45 27 42.6 122 27 11.5 0.253 Gresham, Oregon PGW % 47 49 18.8 122 35 57.7 0.122 Port Gamble PRO + 46 12 45.6 119 41 08.4 0.553 Prosser RCM % 46 50 08.9 121 43 54.4 3.085 Mt. Rainier, Camp Muir RCS % 46 52 15.6 121 43 52.0 2.877 Mt. Rainier, Camp Schurman RED H 46 17 51.0 119 26 15.6 0.330 Red Mountain PNNL Station RER % 46 49 09.2 121 50 27.3 1.756 Mt. Rainier, Emerald Ridge RMW % 47 27 35.0 121 48 19.2 1.024 Rattlesnake Mt. (West) RNO % 43 54 58.9 123 43 25.5 0.850 Roman Nose, Oregon RPW % 48 26 54.0 121 30 49.0 0.850 Rockport RRHS % 46 47 58.6 123 02 25.4 0.047 Rochester HS ANSS-SMO RSW + 46 23 40.2 119 35 28.8 1.045 Rattlesnake Mt. (East) RVC % 46 56 34.5 121 58 17.3 1.000 Mt. Rainier - Voight Creek RVN % 47 01 38.6 121 20 11.9 1.885 Raven Roost (former NEHRP temp RVW % 46 08 53.2 122 44 32.1 0.460 Rose Valley SAW + 47 42 06.0 119 24 01.8 0.701 St. Andrews SBES % 48 46 05.9 122 24 54.2 0.119 Silver Beach ES SMO SEA % 47 39 15.8 122 18 29.3 0.030 UW, Seattle (Wood Anderson BB SEP # 46 12 00.7 122 11 28.1 2.116 September lobe, Mt. St. Helens SFER % 47 37 10.4 117 21 55.7 - Spokane Schools, Ferris High S SHW % 46 11 37.1 122 14 06.5 1.425 Mt. St. Helens SLF % 47 45 32.0 120 31 40.0 1.750 Sugar Loaf SMW % 47 19 10.7 123 20 35.4 0.877 South Mtn. SNI H 46 27 80.0 119 39 50.0 - PNNL station SOS % 46 14 38.5 122 08 12.0 1.270 Source of Smith Creek SSO % 44 51 21.6 122 27 37.8 1.242 Sweet Springs, Oregon STD % 46 14 16.0 122 13 21.9 1.268 Studebaker Ridge STW % 48 09 03.1 123 40 11.1 0.308 Striped Peak SVOH % 48 17 21.8 122 37 54.8 0.010 Skagit Valley CC ANSS-SMO TBM + 47 10 12.0 120 35 52.8 1.006 Table Mt. TCO % 44 06 27.6 121 36 02.1 1.975 Three Creek Meadows, Oregon. TDH % 45 17 23.4 121 47 25.2 1.541 Tom,Dick,Harry Mt., Oregon TDL % 46 21 03.0 122 12 57.0 1.400 Tradedollar Lake TRW + 46 17 32.0 120 32 31.0 0.723 Toppenish Ridge TWW + 47 08 17.4 120 52 06.0 1.027 Teanaway UWFH % 48 32 46.0 123 00 43.0 0.010 UW Friday Harbor ANSS-SMO VBE % 45 03 37.2 121 35 12.6 1.544 Beaver Butte, Oregon VCR % 44 58 58.2 120 59 17.4 1.015 Criterion Ridge, Oregon VDB C 49 01 34.0 122 06 10.1 0.404 Canada VFP % 45 19 05.0 121 27 54.3 1.716 Flag Point, Oregon VG2 % 45 09 20.0 122 16 15.0 0.823 Goat Mt., Oregon VGB + 45 30 56.4 120 46 39.0 0.729 Gordon Butte, Oregon VGZ C 48 24 50.0 123 19 27.8 0.067 Canada VIP % 44 30 29.4 120 37 07.8 1.731 Ingram Pt., Oregon VLL % 45 27 48.0 121 40 45.0 1.195 Laurance Lk., Oregon VLM % 45 32 18.6 122 02 21.0 1.150 Little Larch, Oregon VSP % 42 20 30.0 121 57 00.0 1.539 Spence Mtn, Oregon VT2 + 46 58 02.4 119 59 57.0 1.270 Vantage2 VTH % 45 10 52.2 120 33 40.8 0.773 The Trough, Oregon WA2 + 46 45 19.2 119 33 56.4 0.244 Wahluke Slope WAT + 47 41 55.2 119 57 14.4 0.821 Waterville WIB % 46 20 34.8 123 52 30.6 0.503 Willapa Bay WIW + 46 25 45.6 119 17 15.6 0.128 Wooded Island WPO % 45 34 24.0 122 47 22.4 0.334 West Portland, Oregon WPW % 46 41 55.7 121 32 10.1 1.280 White Pass WRD + 46 58 12.0 119 08 41.4 0.375 Warden WRW % 47 51 26.0 120 52 52.0 1.189 Wenatchee Ridge YA2 + 46 31 36.0 120 31 48.0 0.652 Yakima YEL # 46 12 35.0 122 11 16.0 1.750 Yellow Rock, Mt. St. Helens YPT + 46 02 55.8 118 57 44.0 0.325 Yellepit
Table 1B lists broad-band stations used in locating seismic events in Washington and Oregon.
TABLE 1B Broad-band three-component stations operating at the end of the fourth quarter 2001. Symbols are as in Table 1A. STA F LAT LONG EL NAME BRKS % 47 45 19.1 122 17 17.9 0.020 Brookside ANSS-SMO COR U 44 35 08.5 123 18 11.5 0.121 Corvallis, Oregon (OSU BB ) DBO % 43 07 09.0 123 14 34.0 0.984 Dodson Butte, Oregon (UO CREST ELW % 47 29 39.4 121 52 17.2 0.267 EchoLakeBPA BB-SMO-IDS20 ERW % 48 27 14.4 122 37 30.2 0.389 Mt. Erie SMO-IDS24 BB EUO % 44 01 45.7 123 04 08.2 0.160 Eugene,OR U0 CREST BB SMO GNW % 47 33 51.8 122 49 31.0 0.165 Green Mt CREST BB SMO HAWA U 46 23 32.3 119 31 57.2 0.367 Hanford Nike USNSN BB HLID U 43 33 45.0 114 24 49.3 1.772 Hailey, ID USNSN BB KSXB N 41 49 51.0 123 52 33.0 - Camp Six, OR CREST BB KEB N 42 52 20.0 124 20 03.0 0.818 Edson Butte, OR CREST BB KRMB N 41 31 23.0 123 54 29.0 1.265 Red Mtn, OR CREST BB LON % 46 45 00.0 121 48 36.0 0.853 Longmire CREST BB LONLZ SMO LTY % 47 15 21.2 120 39 53.3 0.970 Liberty (BB) NEW U 48 15 50.0 117 07 13.0 0.760 Newport Observatory USNSN BB OCWA U 47 44 56.0 124 10 41.2 0.671 Octopus Mtn. USNSN BB OFR % 47 56 00.0 124 23 41.0 0.152 Olympics - Forest Resource Cen OPC % 48 06 01.0 123 24 41.8 0.090 Olympic Penn College CREST BB PIN % 43 48 40.0 120 52 19.0 1.865 Pine Mt., Oregon (U0 CREST, B PNT C 49 18 57.6 119 36 57.6 0.550 Canada, BB RAI 46 02 25.1 122 53 06.4 1.520 Trojan Plant, Oregon (OSU BB) RWW % 46 57 53.7 123 32 31.7 0.015 Ranney Well CREST BB SMO SEA % 47 39 15.8 122 18 29.3 0.030 UW, Seattle (Wood Anderson BB SNB C 48 46 33.6 123 10 16.3 0.408 Canada BB SP2 % 47 33 23.3 122 14 52.8 0.030 Seward Park, Seattle SMO-IDS24 SQM % 48 04 39.0 123 02 44.0 0.030 Sequim, WA (CREST BB SMO) TAKO % 43 44 36.0 124 04 56.0 0.100 Tahkenitch, OR CREST BB SMO TOLO % 44 37 19.0 123 55 21.0 0.100 Toledo BPA, OR CREST BB SMO TTW % 47 41 40.7 121 41 20.0 0.542 Tolt Res, WA CREST BB SMO WVOR U 42 26 02.0 118 38 13.0 1.344 Wildhorse Valley, Oregon (USNS
TABLE 1C
Strong-motion three-component stations operating at the end of the fourth quarter 2001. Symbols are as in Table 1A. STA F LAT LONG EL NAME SENSORS TELEMETRY ALCT % 47 38 48.8 122 2 15.7 0.055 Alcott Elementary K2 I ALST % 46 6 32.3 123 1 58.5 0.198 Alston A20 E,M ALVY % 43 59 53.2 123 0 57.0 0.155 Alvey K2 E,M ATES % 48 14 10.9 122 3 33.0 0.010 Trafton Elementary K2 I BABE % 47 36 21.0 122 32 7.0 0.010 Blakely Elementary K2 I BEVT % 47 55 12.0 122 16 12.0 0.170 Boeing Plant Everett K2 I BRKS % 47 45 19.1 122 17 17.9 0.020 Brookside Elementary K2,BBZ I CSEN % 47 48 4.5 122 13 6.5 0.055 Crystal Springs Elementary K2 I CSO # 45 31 1.0 122 41 22.5 0.036 Canyon FBA23 D DBO % 43 7 9.0 123 14 34.0 0.984 Dodson Butte (CREST) EPI,BB3 E,L-PPP EARN % 47 44 27.2 122 2 37.7 0.159 East Ridge Elementary K2 I EGRN % 47 4 24.0 122 58 41.0 0.010 Evergreen State College K2 None ELW % 47 29 39.4 121 52 17.2 0.267 Echo Lake A,BB D,M,L ERW % 48 27 14.4 122 37 30.2 0.389 Mount Erie A,BB D,L,M EUO % 44 1 45.7 123 4 8.2 0.160 Eugene Golf Course (CREST) EPI,BB E,L-PPP EVCC % 48 0 27.0 122 12 15.3 0.000 Everett Community College K2 None EVGW % 47 51 15.8 122 9 12.2 0.010 Gateway Middle School K2 I FINN % 47 43 10.2 122 13 55.9 0.121 Finn Hill Junior High K2 I GNW % 47 33 51.8 122 49 31.0 0.165 Green Mountain (CREST) EPI,BB3 L-PPP HAO # 45 30 33.1 122 39 24.0 0.018 Harrison FBA23 D HICC % 47 23 24.4 122 17 52.4 0.115 Highline Community College K2 I HOLY % 47 33 55.4 122 23 1.0 0.106 Holy Rosary School K2 I KDK % 47 35 42.7 122 19 56.0 0.004 King Dome K2 None KEEL % 45 33 0.8 122 53 42.4 0.067 Keeler A20 D,E,M KICC % 47 34 37.9 122 37 52.4 0.010 Kitsap County Central Communications K2 None KIMB % 47 34 29.3 122 18 10.1 0.069 Kimball Elementary K2 I KIMR % 47 30 11.0 122 46 2.0 0.123 Moderate Risk Waste Collection Facility K2 I KINR % 47 45 6.0 122 38 35.0 0.010 North Road Shed K2 I KITP % 47 40 30.0 122 37 47.0 0.076 Wastewater Treatment Plant K2 I KNJH % 47 23 5.0 122 13 42.0 0.010 Kent Junior High K2 I LANE % 44 3 6.5 123 13 54.8 0.120 Lane K2 E,M LAWT % 47 39 23.4 122 23 21.9 0.050 Lawton Elementary A20 I LEOT % 47 46 4.4 122 6 56.2 0.115 Leota Junior High K2 I LON % 46 45 0.0 121 48 36.0 0.853 Longmire Springs (CREST) EPI,BB3 L-PPP LTY % 47 15 21.2 120 39 53.4 0.970 Liberty Heights Mine (CREST) BB3 I MARY % 47 39 45.7 122 7 11.6 0.011 Marymoor Park K2 I MBKE % 48 55 2.0 122 8 29.0 1.010 Kendall Elementary K2 I MBPA % 47 53 54.7 121 53 20.2 0.186 Monroe A20 D,M,L MPL % 47 28 7.0 122 11 4.5 0.122 Maple Valley A D,M,L MURR % 47 7 12.0 122 33 36.0 0.100 Camp Murray K2 None NOWS % 47 41 12.0 122 15 21.2 0.002 NOAA Sand Point A20 I OHC % 47 20 2.0 123 9 29.0 0.010 Hood Canal Junior High K2 I OPC % 48 6 1.0 123 24 41.8 0.090 Peninsula College (CREST) EPI,BB I PAYL % 47 11 34.0 122 18 46.0 0.010 Aylen Junior High K2 I PCEP % 47 6 41.8 122 17 24.0 0.160 Puyallup East Sheriff Precinct K2 I PCFR % 46 59 23.3 122 26 27.4 0.137 Roy Training Center K2 I PCMD % 46 53 20.9 122 18 0.9 0.239 Mountain Detachment K2 I PIN % 43 48 40.0 120 52 19.0 1.865 Pine Mtn. (CREST) EPI,BB3 E,L-PPP PNLK % 47 34 54.5 122 2 1.0 0.128 Pine Lake Middle School K2 I QAW % 47 37 54.3 122 21 15.5 0.140 Queen Anne A20 L RAW % 47 20 14.0 121 55 53.2 0.208 Raver A20 M,L RBEN % 47 26 6.7 122 11 10.0 0.152 Benson Hill Elementary K2 I RBO # 45 32 27.0 122 33 51.5 0.158 Rocky Butte FBA23 D RHAZ % 47 32 24.7 122 11 1.3 0.108 Hazelwood Elementary A20 I ROSS % 45 39 43.0 122 39 25.0 0.061 Ross A20 E RRHS % 46 47 58.6 123 2 25.4 0.047 Rochester High School K2 I RWW % 46 57 53.7 123 32 31.7 0.015 Ranney Well (CREST) EPI,BB3 L-PPP SBES % 48 46 5.9 122 24 54.2 0.119 Silver Beach Elementary School K2 I SEA % 47 39 15.8 122 18 29.3 0.030 University of Washington A20,PMD2023 L SFER % 47 37 10.4 117 21 55.7 0.000 Ferris High School K2 I SGAR % 47 40 37.8 117 24 50.3 0.579 Garfield Elementary K2 I SMNR % 47 12 16.6 122 12 53.4 0.010 Sumner High School K2 I SP2 % 47 33 23.3 122 14 52.8 0.030 Seward Park A,BB L SQM % 48 4 39.0 123 2 44.0 0.030 Sequim Battelle Properties (CREST) EPI,BB I,R SVOH % 48 17 21.8 122 37 54.8 0.010 Skagit Valley College Oak Harbor K2 I SWES % 47 42 51.0 117 27 53.2 0.623 Westview Elementary K2 I SWID % 48 0 31.0 122 24 42.0 0.010 South Whidbey Primary School K2 I TAKO % 43 44 36.0 124 4 56.0 0.100 Tahkenitch (CREST) EPI,BB M,E TBPA % 47 15 29.0 122 22 1.0 0.002 Tacoma A20 M,L,D TKCO % 47 32 12.7 122 18 1.5 0.005 King County Airport A20 I TOLO % 44 37 19.0 123 55 21.0 0.100 Toledo (CREST) EPI,BB ME TTW % 47 41 40.7 121 41 20.0 0.542 Tolt Reservoir (CREST) EPI,BB3 I UPS % 47 15 50.2 122 29 1.1 0.113 University of Puget Sound K2 I UWFH % 48 32 46.0 123 0 43.0 0.010 Friday Harbor Laboratories K2 I VVHS % 47 25 25.1 122 27 13.1 0.095 Vashon High School K2 I WISC % 47 36 32.0 122 10 27.8 0.056 Wilburton Instructional Services Center K2 I
The PNSN seismic recording system uses real-time telemetry, and operates in an `event triggered' mode. Analog and strong-motion digital data are recorded at 100 samples per sec., while broad-band digital data are digitized at 40 or 50 samples per sec. Arrival times, first motion polarities, signal durations, signal amplitudes, locations and focal mechanisms (when possible) are determined in post-processing. Digital data are processed for all locatable teleseisms, regional events, and local events. Each trace data file has an associated `pickfile' which includes arrival times, polarities, coda lengths, and other data.
EARTHWORM is our main PNSN data-acquisition system. The old SUNWORM system operates as a digitizer for the analog stations. Analog stations, and most digital stations, are continuously telemetered in real time. Only one broadband stations (LTY) and three USGS strong-motion stations in Portland record only on-site. Data are retrieved via dial-up modem, if needed. All of the real-time data are continuously recorded into temporary storage areas called "wave tanks" which can accommodate about 24 hours of continuous data for the entire network. Triggering algorithms create individual event files.
Continuous data are archived for a small subset of stations, usually about 20, mostly on volcanoes. We continue to use the UW2 pickfile and data formats, and analysis tools which have been in place for the past several years.
Unedited network-trigger trace data are stored on ongoing "network-archive" backup tapes. Edited "Master Event" trace data files are kept for all seismic events. These "Master Event" files are also translated to IRIS-SEED format and submitted to the IRIS Data Management Center for archive and distribution.
Through EARTHWORM, we exchange real-time data with the University of Oregon, The Battelle Pacific Northwest National Labs, the Pacific Geoscience Centre, the Montana Bureau of Mines, and CALNET. In addition, we send real-time data to the Alaska Tsunami Warning Center, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, the Cascade Volcano Observatory, and the National Earthquake Information Center,
The entire PNSN catalog has been contributed to the CNSS composite catalog located at the Northern California Earthquake Data Center. The PNSN section of the CNSS catalog is updated daily.
Starting in the fall of 2001, we started shipping a large portion of our waveform data to the IRIS DMC in near real time. This was done by running the ew2seed program at IRIS whcih connects to our EARTHWORM waveservers and extracts 1/2 hour of data at a time. Sevral months of testing proved sucessful. At the end of the year we started sending all PNSN traces from all wave servers so that IRIS has a complete copy of all our continuous data in the BUD (Buffer of Uniform Data) system.
Publications wholly or partly supported under this operating agreement are listed in Appendix 2.
Figure 2 shows earthquakes of magnitude 2.0 or larger located in Washington and Oregon during this reporting period. Table 2 lists earthquakes recorded by the PNSN during 2001 which were reported felt. Table 3 gives information on seismic activity recorded at the PNSN annually since 1980. During this reporting period there were 23 earthquakes reported felt west of the Cascades in Washington, ranging in magnitude from 1.7 to 6.8. Only one Oregon earthquake was reported felt this year; a magnitude 1.9 event.
By far the most interesting event during the reporting period was the moment-magnitude 6.8 Nisqually earthquake of Feb. 28, 2001.
It occurred at a depth of about 52 km, about 18 km northeast of Olympia, WA.
Extensive information is available on the
Nisqually Earthquake Clearinghouse:
http://maximus.ce.washington.edu/~nisqually/index.html
A great deal has been and will be written about the Nisqually earthquake, which caused significant damages. Only four small aftershocks were recorded in the two weeks following the mainshock, but a possible
late aftershock of magnitude 4.3 occurred nearby about six months later.
Appendix 3 is a reprint of the PNSN's "Preliminary Report on the Mw=6.8 Nisqually, Washington Earthquake of 28, February 2001", from Seismological Research Letters, V. 72, N. 3, pp. 352-361.
The 2001 Nisqually earthquake was the largest of a unusual series of Benioff zone earthquakes that began in July 1999 with a M 5.8 earthquake at about 41 km depth beneath Satsop WA. The Nisqually earthquake, in Feb. 2001, was east of the Satsop earthquake and, at 52 km, deeper. A M 5.0 earthquake on June 10, 2001 was near the location and depth of the 1999 Satsop earthquake, and a M 4.3 earthquake on July 22 (UTC) was close to the location and depth of the Nisqually event.
East of the Cascades in Washington, more than 70 earthquakes were felt during 2001. Many of these were tiny events in the Spokane
urban area, where a vigorous sequence of earthquakes began in May. Activity continued in bursts, with the largest earthquake M 4.0 on November 11.
No comparable sequence is known in the history of Spokane. For additional details see the quarterly reports, or the PNSN web page "The 2001 Spokane Earthquake Sequence":
http://www.ess.washington.edu/SEIS/EQ_Special/WEBDIR_01062514151n/overview.html
Magnitudes of the Spokane felt earthquakes ranged from -0.9 to 4.0. Network coverage was initially sparse, and
in addition to the 98 locatable earthquakes, there were many additional felt events early in the sequence too small to locate.
TABLE 2 Felt Earthquakes during 2001 DATE-(UTC)-TIME LAT(N) LON(W) DEPTH MAG COMMENTS yy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss deg. deg. km 01/02/14 03:54:54 48.75N 123.12W 20.9 2.3 26.0 km NNW of Friday Harbor, WA 01/02/14 22:03:58 47.51N 121.89W 6.6 3.1 5.4 km S of Fall City, WA 01/02/24 07:40:50 47.53N 122.06W 22.6 2.2 13.2 km SE of Bellevue, WA 01/02/28 07:16:13 47.75N 120.03W 0.6 3.2 10.2 km S of Chelan, WA 01/02/28 18:54:32 47.14N 122.72W 51.9 6.8 17.0 km NE of Olympia, WA 01/03/01 09:10:20 47.19N 122.71W 54.3 3.4 21.6 km NE of Olympia, WA 01/03/01 14:23:34 47.18N 122.72W 51.4 2.7 19.4 km NE of Olympia, WA 01/03/10 06:26:05 47.48N 122.79W 19.3 1.7 15.9 km SW of Bremerton, WA 01/03/11 17:08:54 47.60N 121.91W 21.6 2.9 4.4 km NNW of Fall City, WA 01/03/16 02:41:11 47.56N 122.07W 18.1 2.2 10.2 km ESE of Bellevue, WA 01/03/21 10:31:05 46.21N 121.02W 0.9 2.9 35.4 km E of Mt Adams, WA 01/04/07 16:02:35 48.72N 124.76W 41.8 3.9 90.6 km NNW of Forks, WA 01/06/10 13:19:11 47.16N 123.50W 40.7 5.0 18.3 km N of Satsop, WA 01/06/25 14:15:22 47.68N 117.39W 10.5 3.9 1.5 km NE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/06/25 15:01:27 47.70N 117.41W 11.1 3.4 3.3 km N of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/06/25 16:49:16 47.73N 117.47W 0.0 2.3 8.7 km NNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/06/25 22:58:13 47.72N 117.46W 0.0 2.3 6.8 km NNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/06/26 01:21:21 47.75N 117.48W 0.0 2.1 11.1 km NNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/06/26 05:52:26 47.75N 117.48W 8.0 2.4 10.6 km NNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/06/27 09:07:45 47.72N 117.45W 0.4 2.4 6.5 km NNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/06/27 14:45:37 47.70N 117.41W 7.3 2.9 4.2 km N of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/06/28 07:51:42 47.67N 117.39W 0.4 2.3 1.4 km NE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/06/28 11:47:48 47.67N 117.41W 0.5 0.7 0.4 km WNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/06/29 01:13:27 47.68N 117.42W 0.5 2.4 1.7 km NNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/06/30 01:23:31 46.85N 121.97W 7.7 3.3 16.2 km W of Mt Rainier, WA 01/07/01 05:44:13 47.67N 117.41W 0.5 2.9 0.5 km N of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/07/01 05:45:43 47.68N 117.40W 0.8 2.9 1.8 km NNE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/07/01 06:07:13 47.68N 117.41W 0.4 2.3 1.0 km NNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/07/02 17:48:29 47.67N 117.42W 0.4 0.8 1.1 km NW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/07/03 21:20:27 47.67N 117.41W 0.5 2.2 0.7 km NNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/07/08 11:16:32 47.68N 117.41W 0.5 1.5 1.5 km NNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/07/16 11:37:35 45.11N 122.51W 13.1 1.9 21.4 km SE of Canby, OR 01/07/22 15:13:52 47.08N 122.68W 52.4 4.3 16.3 km ENE of Olympia, WA 01/07/24 13:31:06 47.49N 122.02W 16.4 2.2 9.3 km N of Maple Valley, WA 01/07/29 06:26:53 47.68N 117.41W 0.4 2.3 1.1 km NNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/07/29 06:37:58 47.68N 117.41W 0.2 1.3 1.6 km NNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/07/29 07:04:24 47.66N 117.39W 0.3 1.2 1.5 km SE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/07/30 20:35:08 47.67N 117.42W 0.3 1.8 1.4 km NW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/07/31 01:38:10 47.68N 117.40W 0.5 3.2 1.8 km NNE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/07/31 05:07:31 47.68N 117.41W 0.4 2.2 1.3 km NNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/07/31 05:24:33 47.69N 117.42W 0.5 1.5 2.4 km NNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/07/31 06:48:11 47.71N 117.47W 0.5 1.8 6.9 km NW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/07/31 08:51:55 47.72N 117.45W 2.1 1.6 7.1 km NNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/07/31 16:27:42 47.68N 117.42W 0.5 1.8 1.5 km NW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/08/01 14:29:48 47.67N 117.42W 0.5 2.2 0.9 km WNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/08/09 13:31:23 47.68N 117.42W 0.8 1.5 1.7 km NW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/08/14 13:28:27 44.28N 125.46W 10.0 1.5 119.1 km WSW of Newport, OR 01/08/19 06:17:32 48.25N 121.61W 1.7 3.0 1.0 km WSW of Darrington, WA 01/08/25 17:52:34 48.23N 121.60W 2.7 2.1 2.1 km S of Darrington, WA 01/08/30 03:47:31 48.23N 121.62W 4.8 2.7 2.9 km SW of Darrington, WA 01/09/28 18:34:53 47.68N 117.38W 1.8 2.8 2.1 km NE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/09/28 18:37:53 47.66N 117.37W 0.3 1.9 2.7 km ESE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/09/28 18:38:37 47.67N 117.40W 0.6 2.6 0.7 km NNE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/09/28 18:41:40 47.67N 117.39W 0.0 1.6 1.0 km ENE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/10/05 02:26:41 48.82N 122.11W 12.1 3.0 7.6 km E of Deming, WA 01/10/06 10:52:09 48.83N 122.10W 13.2 3.0 8.2 km E of Deming, WA 01/10/15 04:57:01 48.15N 123.06W 44.4 2.9 28.6 km E of Port Angeles, WA 01/11/10 18:30:59 48.93N 123.04W 15.4 3.4 21.7 km S of Vancouver,BC 01/11/11 16:00:29 47.68N 117.40W 4.7 4.0 2.0 km NNE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/11 17:21:33 47.68N 117.40W 0.6 3.1 1.3 km NNE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/12 03:03:02 47.68N 117.40W 0.6 3.3 2.0 km N of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/12 03:07:40 47.68N 117.41W 0.6 1.9 1.7 km N of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/12 03:11:15 47.68N 117.41W 0.6 2.4 1.9 km NNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/12 11:44:18 47.68N 117.39W 0.6 1.7 2.4 km NE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/12 13:25:59 47.68N 117.40W 0.5 1.9 2.0 km NNE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/13 05:41:45 47.69N 117.40W 0.6 2.3 2.4 km N of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/13 07:39:05 47.68N 117.42W 0.6 2.1 1.4 km NW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/13 10:14:01 48.86N 122.46W 22.0 2.5 11.7 km N of Bellingham, WA 01/11/13 20:26:26 47.69N 117.40W 0.6 3.0 2.2 km NNE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/14 01:50:51 47.69N 117.38W 0.6 1.2 3.6 km NE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/14 16:41:20 47.69N 117.32W 0.6 1.6 7.3 km ENE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/15 00:11:46 47.69N 117.39W 0.0 2.1 2.7 km NNE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/16 01:42:29 47.68N 117.39W 0.5 1.8 2.2 km NE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/17 16:18:49 47.68N 117.42W 0.4 1.4 1.9 km NNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/18 19:51:12 47.68N 117.42W 0.8 1.6 1.5 km NW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/19 04:47:06 47.68N 117.41W 2.2 1.2 1.5 km NNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/19 04:47:52 47.69N 117.41W 1.2 0.5 2.9 km NNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/20 06:03:56 47.67N 117.44W 2.6 1.0 2.3 km WNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/20 12:14:42 47.67N 117.44W 0.0 1.4 2.5 km W of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/22 04:43:01 47.68N 117.42W 2.5 1.4 1.2 km NW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/24 00:32:10 47.67N 117.43W 2.1 -0.5 1.6 km WNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/26 04:13:15 47.68N 117.42W 2.2 0.9 1.6 km NNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/26 09:41:37 47.69N 117.40W 0.0 -0.8 3.0 km NNE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/26 09:41:53 47.68N 117.43W 2.1 0.0 1.8 km NW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/26 09:59:53 47.68N 117.38W 4.7 -1.6 2.3 km NE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/26 10:12:11 47.68N 117.40W 2.3 -1.6 1.6 km N of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/26 11:56:07 47.68N 117.41W 2.2 0.7 1.8 km N of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/11/27 08:26:58 47.65N 117.44W 0.5 -0.9 3.4 km SW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/12/06 23:24:08 46.89N 122.36W 20.4 2.4 8.1 km WNW of Eatonville, WA 01/12/19 06:39:26 47.69N 117.38W 0.0 -0.8 3.1 km NNE of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/12/19 21:32:17 47.67N 117.44W 2.0 -0.8 2.2 km WNW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/12/20 03:03:20 47.67N 117.44W 2.0 -0.5 2.3 km W of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/12/20 08:30:43 47.67N 117.43W 1.8 -0.1 2.1 km W of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/12/25 03:58:53 47.68N 117.42W 0.2 -0.7 1.7 km NW of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/12/27 22:11:20 47.66N 117.43W 0.0 -0.5 2.0 km W of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division) 01/12/29 11:57:27 47.67N 117.43W 0.0 -0.8 2.0 km W of Spokane, WA (Mission & N Division)
TABLE 3
Annual counts of events recorded by the PNSN, 1980-2001
Year Total # Out of Net Inside Net
Unlocated Located
Total EQs(#felt) Blasts
80 4576 253 1075 3246 2874(18) 372
81 5155 291 1474 3385 2672(29) 713
82 4452 329 1824 2297 1948(20) 349
83 4489 405 2338 1745 1356(15) 389
84 3144 267 1095 1780 1409(16) 371
85 3560 266 1168 2122 1890(16) 232
86 2554 318 452 1776 1594(21) 182
87 1981 537 127 1304 966(22) 338
88 2249 507 114 1624 1263(19) 361
89 2781 501 137 2136 1835(38) 301
90 3433 717 204 2505 2096(26) 409
91 3083 675 315 2085 1687(26) 398
92 3522 891 235 2381 1993(22) 388
93 5594 731 626 4224 3877(35) 347
94 6243 900 1518 3816 3424(28) 392
95 5354 959 1462 2915 2539(16) 376
96 4741 911 1192 2628 2214(39) 414
97 3881 728 904 2239 1992(35) 247
98 7463 831 2174 4430 4176(11) 254
99 4505 803 1483 2187 1965(30) 222
00 5625 1121 1686 2818 2482(18) 341
01 5945 1090 2106 2730 2258(95) 472
The RACE system, discussed earlier, is a pager-based alarm system that updates earthquake locations on a map displayed on a PC screen. When a "significant" event (magnitude 2.9 or larger) is located by the PNSN automatic systems, a preliminary location and magnitude is sent within minutes to seismologists and the RACE system via pager. The same information is forwarded via fax and e-mail to others with critical need. A set of web-pages on earthquakes magnitude 3.3 and larger are automatically generated and linked to the PNSN web-site. These preliminary messages are rapidly followed by final processing and update of the RACE systems, faxes, e-mail, and web-site, within 20 minutes to an hour.
Summary lists for all earthquakes located by the PNSN since 1969 are available via anonymous ftp on ftp.geophys.washington.edu in the pub/seis_net subdirectory. This information is also available via the PNSN World-Wide-Web(WWW) site.
The PNSN has an educational outreach program to better inform the public, policy makers, and emergency managers about seismicity and natural hazards. We provide information sheets, lab tours, workshops, and media interviews, and have an audio library with several tapes. We organize and participate in special events in addition to our normal background of informational work; including several thousand calls per quarter to our audio library; tours of the PNSN lab by hundreds of students, teachers, and parents; and outreach talks to numerous groups of all types.
This year was a another very busy one for the PNSN!
Seismic stations, telemetry links, and data acquisition equipment were maintained by Jim Ramey and Allen Strelow at the UW, Patrick McChesney (stationed at CVO in Vancouver, Washington), Pat Ryan (of the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon), and Don Hartshorn (of Pacific Northwest National Labs in Richland, WA). Bill Steele provided information to the public, while Amy Wright handled routine data analysis and archiving of digital trace data in UW2 format. George Thomas, Amy Lindemuth, Lynn Hultgrien and Sue Sweet worked on strong motion instrumentation and software. Ruth Ludwin wrote reports, maintained the PNSN web-pages, and handled administrative tasks. The University of Oregon (UO) installed and maintained stations and telemetry links in central Oregon, and operated an earthworm node to transmit data to the University of Washington.