WASHINGTON AND OREGON (120th MERIDIAN OR PACIFIC STANDARD TIME) April 29: 07:28:43.6*. Epicenter 47.4 degrees north, 122.3 degrees west, northwestern Washing- ton, W. Magnitude 6.5. Felt over an area of approximately 130,000 square miles of the United States and British Columbia, Canada (sec figs. 6 and 7). Three persons were killed by falling debris-one in down- town Seattle on South King Street, and two on Harbor Island at the Fisher Flouring Mills. The deaths of four elderly women from heart failure in Olympia, Port Town- send, Seattle, and Tacoma were attributed to the earthquake. There were numerous inju- ries, but most were minor. It was reported that more than 30 persons were treated at hospitals in the Seattle area and dozens suf- fered minor injuries elsewhere. Damage was estimated at approximately $12.5 mil- lion by the State Civil Defense Department, with most of it occurring in King County. Although a maximum intensity of VIII was assigned to some pocket areas of West and South Seattle and at Issaquah, this earthquake is best described as one with a maximum intensity of VII. Some of the more spectacular damage was difficult to evaluate since many buildings in Seattle and other Puget Sound areas had been damaged by previous earthquakes, notably the April 13, 1949, shock. The following paragraphs are excerpts from pages 27-39 of the Preliminary Report, issued by the Coast and Geodetic Survey, covering this earthquake.
(The Puget Sound Earthquake of April 19, 1965,
U.S. Department of Commerce, Coast and Geodetic Survey,
51 pages, 1965):
Building damage was generally light, although it
was spectacular in many cases. Total collapses did
not occur as far as is known to the authors. In
general, damage patterns repeated those of the
1949 shock. Buildings which apparently, had been
damaged in 1949 often sustained additional damage
in 1965. This reoccurring earthquake damage was
sometimes intermixed with preearthquake settle-
ment cracks which opened wider or caused failure
in the 1965 earthquake.
Single family dwellings in the affected areas are
generally of wood-frame construction, and are
rarely more than two stories high. Chimneys are
usually brick masonry. Interior partitions are gen-
erally plaster or gypsumboard on wood studs. Per-
formance of the wood-frame dwellings was almost
always excellent, and when damage occurred it was
confined to plaster cracking and to unreinforced
brick chimney failure at, or above, the roof line.
By no means was the dwelling damage uniform
throughout the city. For example, pockets of in-
tense chimney damage to dwellings were found in
Seattle (notably in the West Seattle section) while
nearby areas of similar construction had no chim-
ney damage. The damage pattern would sometimes
change radically within several city blocks. As a
rule, wood-frame dwelling damage rarely ap-
proached as much as 5 percent of building value.
One exception to the foregoing rule was unit
masonry veneered wood-frame structures, particu-
larly brick veneer. Four-inch brick veneer peeled
off a number of wood-frame structures even though
the veneer was anchored to the wood-backing wall
with galvanized metal anchors. The anchors usually
remained nailed to the wood frame when the brick
peeled off, and an examination of the mortar indi-
cated that the mortar could be crushed by hand.
This type of veneer damage has been noted in
many previous earthquakes . . . .
Multistory buildings generally had slight or no
damage, with the damage reported to new and to
old structures. Plaster cracking and other non-
structural damage was found in multistory build-
ings in Seattle as well as in Tacoma (these cities
being about 30 miles apart). The spectacular
damage reported by the press to a 100-story building
in Tacoma may have been entirely confined to ex-
terior window glass in a structure having essentially
all glass on three sides, with the fourth side solid.
Unreinforced brick-bearing wall buildings with
sand-lime mortar, as usual, bore the brunt of the
damage. This type of building generally has wood
roofs and wood-supported floors, and is not earth-
quake resistive in any sense. Numerous instances
of parapet and gable failure occurred, and death
and injury resulted from this type of damage. As
previously mentioned, some of this could be associ-
ated with the 1949 earthquake damage as well as
with settlement damage which was not related to
earthquakes.
A classic case of cumulative damage was found on
the mud flats of Tacoma. A two-story brick bear-
ing wall building was significantly damaged in the
1949 shock and the second story was subsequently
removed. It was apparent when inspected after the
1965 shock that differential settlements also had
been occurring, and the 1965 shock found a build-
ing which had been weakened by both previous
earthquakes and settlement. The high apparent
intensity at this location requires careful attention
before being taken at face value.
Modern buildings which were designed and con-
structed to be earthquake resistive performed well,
as indeed they should in a moderate earthquake.
Not all modern structures performed well and four
exceptions warrant mention. A one-story ware-
house, having a precast prestressed reinforced con-
crete roof and precast concrete tilt-up walls with
poured-in-place pilasters, had no anchorage between
the roof diaphragm and its end shear wall. The
roof moved back and forth over the end shear wall,
damaging the side walls. A second instance of
damage to a building presumably intended to be
earthquake resistive occurred at a one-story market
in which the steel angle earthquake X-bracing was
embedded in a hollow, concrete block wall; the
relative rigidities of the elements were such that
the hollow concrete block had to fail before the
steel X-bracing could function. Additionally, the
X-bracing was so located as to cut in two most of
the wall reinforcement. A third instance of note
was a large manufacturing facility having a very
large floor area; the second-story precast reinforced
concrete panels appeared to have worked loose
from their supporting frame. The fourth example
was a four-story hollow concrete-block apartment
house in which the block shattered at several loca-
tions, and a remarkable absence of vertical reinforc-
ing steel was noted . . . .
Utility damage was not severe. Excerpts
(pages 41-42 of the Preliminary Report)
of the summary prepared by the Washing-
ton Surveying and Rating Bureau follow:
Service from the various public utilities was, on
the whole, uninterrupted. Damage at the Spokane
Street Substation interrupted service in a small
area. The Washington Natural Gas Company
(part missing)
The Seattle Water Department had one break in a
12-inch main in the Harbor Island area and minor
breaks in small pipes in residential areas of unstable
ground. Four days after the earthquake, a break
in a 20-inch main on Western Avenue at Spring
Street resulted in water supply impairment for
about one day to four sprinklered buildings sup-
plied off this main.
In Everett, two of the three 48-inch main supply
conduits to the city failed. These failures occurred
where the lines are carried on trestles over Ebey
Slough . . . Full service was restored the following
day. One other break was reported in a 4-inch
line in a residential district.
A number of breaks occurred in underground
mains on plant sites and to overhead sprinkler
piping. These were mainly, to those properties
located on artificial fills in the southern part of
Seattle, particularly Harbor Island, resulting in
varying periods of impairment . . . Damage to
overhead sprinkler piping was mainly to older
systems without earthquake bracing and flexible
couplings. An exception was to a number of
newer systems in buildings located on artificial fill
where suspended ceilings and light fixtures damaged
sprinkler heads and piping.
The following are excerpts from a letter
report written by Fire Chief Gordon Vickey
(pages 42-43 of the Preliminary Report):
In the day or two following the earthquake, it
became evident that the Fire Department, working
in conjunction with the Building Department,
might be in a position to render valuable service
by conducting a building-by-building survey, to
more accurately assess the extent of damage from
the quake. The effort was coordinated between
the Fire Department, Building Department, and
representatives of the U.S. Army Corps of Engi-
neers. On May 3, four days after the earthquake
struck, our personnel were out in force actually
conducting this survey.
One survey was conducted on a continuous basis
from May 3 through May 21. During this time, a
total of 1,440 man hours were expended, and 1,405
buildings were surveyed from roof to basement.
As a result of the survey, 91 buildings were found
to have sustained apparent serious or extensive
damage, and were recommended to the Building
Department for resurvey by experts as rapidly its
possible. One hundred and thirteen buildings were
found to have sustained apparent moderate damage,
and were recommended for resurvey as time and
personnel would permit. Two hundred and fifty
buildings were found to have sustained superficial
or light damage only. In this group there was no
apparent need for a follow-up survey, as damage
consisted of plaster cracks, missing chimney bricks,
and things of this nature. The remaining 951
buildings were either found to have suffered no
apparent damage, or damage was so slight that it
could not be readily recognized.
Strong-motion earthquake records were
obtained from Coast and Geodetic Survey
stations located at Olympia, Ross Dam,
Seattle, and Tacoma, Wash., and from
Portland, Oreg.
Temporary seismograph stations were in-
stalled by the Coast and Geodetic Survey
at Bremerton, Issaquah, Seattle, Pacific,
and Enumclaw to record aftershocks. Dur-
ing the 14 days of operation of the tempo-
rary seismograph stations, only one after-
shock was recorded at a sufficient number
of stations to permit an epicentral location.
Twenty-seven aftershocks were reported
but could not be located because of insuffi-
cient data. No aftershocks were reported
felt.
INTENSITY VIII:
Issaquah (about 15 miles southeast of
Seattle) .-Felt by and frightened all in
community. Brick garage partially col-
lapsed. Both of the old, 2- and 3-story,
brick junior high schools were extensively,
damaged. There were long jagged cracks
in exterior and interior walls. Daylight
could be seen through some of the cracks.
At ground level, there were long, broken
separations in concrete walkways. Light fix-
tures were tilted and askew. Chimney dam-
age was very prevalent in the area and ex-
tensive damage was reported to liquor stock
in stores. Rapid motion in north-south di-
rection; loud earth noises.
Seattle.-Felt by all and frightened many
in community. Extensive damage to chim-
neys was noted in West Seattle. In 188 city
blocks, it was found that 1,712 chimneys of
the 5,005 were damaged. Two schools in
West Seattle were also extensively dam-
aged. Slumping was observed along a steep
slope adjacent to 36th Avenue S.W., near
Admiral Way. Eight Seattle public schools
were closed until their safety could be
established. Of these schools, the West Alki
School was the most severely damaged. Its
60-foot brick stack fell into the boiler
room; X-cracks were found in the unrein-
forced sand-lime mortar brickwork in the
1914 wing; stairs shifted; and the north
wall of the new wing moved outward. How-
ever, not everything fell from the shelves.
(This school was located in a pocket of
high earthquake intensity.)
In Seattle, a particularly noticeable dam-
age pocket was the Alki Beach section of
West Seattle where virtually every chimney
was down. Similar intensified damage re-
portedly occurred here in 1949. The low-
lying filled areas along the Duwamish
River and its mouth settled and were the
locations of considerable building damages.
Harbor Island, at the mouth of the
Duwamish River, was a special high-
damage location. Much, if not all, of this
island was man-made, perhaps 50 or more
years ago. The soils were not seismically
stable by any standard. A newly built pre-
cast reinforced concrete building was struc-
turally damaged. On this island were lo-
cated a number of major industrial facil-
ities. The Fisher Flouring Mills had exten-
sive damage to its various buildings. One
instance was a 50,000-gallon wood-roof tank
on top of a 15-story structure which fell
seven stories onto the roof of a grain bin,
breaking the grain bin roof and spilling
water onto the grain. Elsewhere, portions
of the unreinforced brick walls fell from
the sixth story. An examination of this
structure showed pre-1965 cracks in the
brick walls, some of which apparently
opened further in this earthquake. Under-
ground piping around the plant also broke
and equipment in the building shifted and
was out of alignment. This plant reportedly
had $50,000 damage in the 1949 shock, and
it appears to be even greater in 1965.
Piers 15 and 16 on Harbor Island shifted
toward the water by about 1 foot due to
the soil losing much or all of its strength,
dock toward the water. An exception was
the northern extension of the pier which
was under construction and did not yet
have its soil backfill.
Seattle (from press reports) .-Port of
Seattle damages were estimated at $200,000-
$250,000. Much of this damage occurred to
facilities where construction was in prog-
ress. Nearly every waterfront facility was
damaged to some extent. Pier 5, where con-
struction projects were underway, was hard-
est hit. The bulkhead and the fill behind
it settled, the fill dropping 6 inches to 2
feet for a width of 25 to 40 feet. The
bulkhead was reported to be 6 to 8 inches
out of line. Several Port piers suffered sim-
ilar damage. Pier 20 at the East Waterway
Terminal settled. At Pier 36, light fixtures
were torn loose in the 5-story, concrete
Engineers' Headquarters Building. File cab-
inets tipped over and the library was a
mess. At the Naval Supply Depot, damage
was reported to Pier 90 waterline and a
Pier 91 steamline. Several heavy light fix-
tures in the Depot offices were shaken
down; others dangled precariously.
A number of bridges were closed tempo-
rarily due to slight damage. A major span
on the Spokane Street viaduct could not be
opened for boat traffic because of bent
interlocking pins. The 14th Avenue South
drawbridge across the Duwamish River had
some pier damage. Navy officials closed the
Magnolia Bridge to traffic because of dam-
age to the underside of the structure. Both
of the Southwest Spokane Street bridges
were jammed shut when the shock threw
them out of line. Shipping up the Duwam-
ish Waterway was halted. East-bound lanes
of a drawbridge across the Duwamish Wat-
erway were closed to all traffic except tran-
sit coaches because of a drop in the road
level.
At Carkeek Park, South Seattle areas, an
earthslide uncovered an underground
stream that overflowed the creek and broke
a water main. At Green Lake and vicinity
the force of the shock, crinkling blacktop
around the Aqua Theater and opening zig-
zag fissures in the ground. A concrete wall
buckled at the junior crew house at the
Aqua Theater, wrecking it possibly beyond
repair. Other Park buildings suffered minor
cracks and small patches of dislodged plas-
ter. Water spurted 15 feet in the Lower
Woodland baseball field due to a water
main break. Another smaller main split at
Evans Pool at Green Lake, but the pool
remained open. Maplewood Place S.W.,
near Three Tree Point, settled. The fol-
lowing building damage was reported by
the press:
Art's Food Center (9999 Holman Road
N.W.).-Gaping holes in four concrete
walls. Merchandise fell from shelves.
Ballard City Hall (Ballard Avenue N.W.
and 22nd Avenue N.W.) .-Sidewalks adja-
cent to the old Ballard City Hall were bar-
ricaded due to bricks falling from the old
structure.
Boeing Aircraft Company facilities.-
Many windows broke in the south side of
the Boeing Administration Building and
the adjoining Engineering Building. Minor
damage was reported in Plant No. 2, mostly
broken windows and cracked walls. Some
damage was reported at other Boeing facil-
ities, including the Development Center,
south of Plant No. 2. There were no re-
ports of injuries other than scratches and
bruises.
Federal Office Building.-Extensive dam-
age was reported to the upper floors of the
10-story building. Employees above the
third floor were sent home.
First Avenue S.-Sidewalks south of Yes-
ler Way were littered with bricks cracked
loose from the tops of older buildings. At
2716 - 60th Avenue S.W., an entire chim-
ney and front wall fell, leaving the living
area exposed.
Medical Dental Building (509 Olive
Way).-An 8-pound piece of cornice fell
on the sidewalk on the Fifth Avenue side
of the building. Small chunks of masonry
fell from the front of the 16-story building,
but were prevented by ledges from reach-
ing the sidewalk. At the Frederick & Nelson
Store, minor damage was reported to the
store and stock. Some walls were cracked
and mannequins toppled. A spokesman re-
ported: "Our building and the adjoining
Medical Dental Building teetered apart a
bit, then came back together with a loud
clap."
Trans-World Airlines Building (opposite
the Olympic Hotel).-Severe damage on
ground floor. The middle of one ground
wall was severely cracked. A front panel
window, about 8 by 12 feet, slipped away
from its casement.
Union Pacific Railroad Station.-A sec-
tion of heavy cornice atop the west side of
the station fell and crashed through the
sidewalk. The third floor sagged, and walls
and ceilings were cracked. The station was
evacuated.
Press reported the following school dam-
age:
Ballard High School.-Damage was con-
fined to the auditorium, where a ceiling
arch was bent and a study wall twisted.
Broadview Elementary School.-Part of
the east, brick-exterior wall fell at the old
section of Broadview's plant.
Colman Elementary School.-Chimney
damage; part of the masonry gables at the
entrance fell; front wall damaged.
Franklin High School.-Parts of cornices
on four corners of the building fell; lunch-
room ceiling cracked; hallway and stair-
well were damaged. All fire alarms were
short-circuited and activated.
Gatewood Elementary School.-Gables
fell.
Leschi Elementary School.-Gables fell.
Madison junior High School.-Chimney
collapsed and masonry fell at the entrance.
Several cracks occurred in upstairs rooms at
the Administrative and Service Center.
Waterline was broken also.
Queen Anne High School. - Walls
cracked.
St. Joseph's School.-Pieces of cornices
fell from front of building.
University of Washington.-New cracks
appeared in partitions of the Mechanical
Engineering Building, under repair since
early in the year. Three large planks were
bolted to the cement-block wall of a second-
floor classroom after inspection. Damage to
the structure was reported as minor. In
the crew house, the section where the new
sleeping quarters adjoined the older sec-
tion was cracked about an inch. Minor
cracks on the fourth floor of the new li-
brary were observed. Electric cable broke
in the Mechanical Engineering Buildings.
It was reported that the tops of 60-foot trees
swayed 3-4 feet, and that a fissure opened
in the practice field at the University.
Underground pressure from the shock sent
sand spurting in a 100-foot-long zigzag
stretch on the lower football field. Behind
the men's pool, areas of the ground
dropped as much as a foot. Dirt floor sec-
tions in the Hec Edmondson Pavilion also
sank slightly. At the Wesley Foundation, a
car was badly damaged by falling bricks
from a chimney.
West Seattle High School.-Severe crack-
ing of walls throughout the school. Both
exterior and interior walls of the auditor-
ium were cracked.
Whittier Elementary School.-Pupils
were evacuated from second floor due to
structural damage.
Additional press reports of minor dam-
age are as follows:
Bayview Manor Retirement Home.-
Doors jammed. Elevator inoperative.
Large crack in ceramic mural.
Blessed Sacrament Church (9th Avenue
N.E. and 50th Street N.E.).-Possibly seri-
ous damage to the tower.
Bon Marche Store.-Major damage oc-
curred to china. "You can see where the
sky bridge (connecting the Bon Marche
and the Third and Stewart parking garage)
moved about 2 inches out of line."
able plaster damage, particularly in the
middle floors.
Providence Hospital.-Many interior wall
cracks. The sixth-floor surgery department
was closed for two hours due to plaster
dust in the operating rooms. Two doctors
were trapped when an elevator jammed
after dropping from the sixth to the third
floor.
St. James Cathedral.-Low-hanging
chandeliers swayed violently. Priest left
the sanctuary when he was showered by
falling debris. Minor damage.
Seattle Times Building.-This 2-story
concrete building shook "like an electric
vibrator." Plaster sifted down in rooms
and teletype printers stopped work briefly.
Smith Tower.-Woman in penthouse on
top the tower reported she was rocked out
of bed. Extensive cracks and plaster
damage were reported on the 33rd floor.
Substation at 4th Avenue S. and South
Spokane Street.-City Light Company re-
ported damage at its substation cut off
service to some industrial plants, including
the Seattle Foundry.
Todds Shipyards Corporation (1801 -
16th Avenue S.W.).-Bricks from fallen
chimney damaged parked automobiles and
broke a second-floor window.
INTENSITY VII:
Allyn.-Felt by and frightened all in
community. Damage to brick, masonry,
and concrete. Chimneys twisted and fell.
Plaster, chimneys, and ground cracked.
Dishes broke. Furnishings shifted; small
objects overturned. Person outdoors saw
the house sway north-south "about 2 feet
each way." Rapid motion in northeast
direction; loud noises from north heard.
Auburn.-Felt by all; awakened and
frightened many in community. Damage
slight. Few chimneys twisted and fell. Few
dishes and windows broke. Plaster, win-
dows, and chimneys cracked. Knickknacks
fell. Small objects shifted and overturned.
Press reported Auburn schools were closed
hall was closed for an hour until inspectors
declared the building safe; plaster fell from
ceilings. Chimneys and window damage
was reported throughout the area. Slides
were reported on the Lake Holm Road
east of Auburn. Motion slow; duration,
10 seconds.
Black Diamond.-Felt by all; awakened
and frightened many in community.
Damage slight to considerable in wood and
brick. Chimneys twisted and fell. Dishes,
windows, and furniture broke. Plaster,
windows, and chimneys cracked. Small
objects and furnishings shifted; vases, small
objects, and furniture overturned. Trees
and bushes shaken strongly. Hanging
objects swung north. Rapid motion in
east-west direction; duration, 45 seconds;
loud earth noises from east-west 5 seconds
before shock.
Brinnon.-Felt by all, awakened few, and
frightened many in community. Damage
slight to masonry and concrete. Chimneys
twisted and fell. Dishes and windows
broke. Plaster, windows, walls, and chim-
neys cracked. Knickknacks, books, and
pictures fell. "Center beam moved 1/4 inch
and split. Lots of cracks in pumice walls
and concrete floor. Dumped the stock on
shelves to the floor." Hanging objects
swung north-south. Rapid motion in
north-south (?) direction; duration, 30-60
seconds; preceded 2 seconds by moderate
earth noises.
Buckley.-Felt by and frightened all in
community. Damage considerable. Chim-
neys, columns, and monuments twisted and
fell. Dishes and windows broke. Knick-
knacks, books, pictures, plaster, and walls
fell. Plaster, windows, walls, and chimneys
cracked. Small objects shifted; vases over-
turned. Trees and bushes shaken strongly.
Slow, rolling motion in southwest direction;
duration, 30 seconds; loud earth noises
from southwest.
Carnation.-Felt by and frightened all in
community. Damage considerable. Chim-.
neys twisted. Windows broke. Walls and
chimneys cracked. Small objects over-
turned; furnishings shifted. Trees and
bushes shaken strongly. Hanging objects
swung north-south. Rapid motion in
north-south direction; duration, 1 minute;
preceded 3 seconds by loud earth noises
from north.
Cumberland.-Felt by and frightened all
in community. Damage considerable to
brick and concrete. Chimneys, columns,
and monuments twisted and fell. Dishes,
windows, and furniture broke. Knick-
knacks, books, pictures, plaster, and walls
fell. Plaster, windows, walls, chimneys,
and ground cracked. Vases, small objects,
and furniture overturned; small objects and
furnishings shifted. Trees and bushes
shaken strongly. Rapid motion; duration,
1 minute; preceded few seconds by loud
earth noises from north.
Dash Point (about 7 miles north of
Tacoma).-Felt by and frightened all in
community. Damage considerable. Chim-
neys, columns, and monuments twisted and
fell. Dishes, windows, and furniture broke.
Knickknacks, books, pictures, plaster, and
walls fell. Walls, chimneys, and ground
cracked. "There is a crack across Sound
View Drive." Small objects and furnish-
ings shifted; vases, small objects, and
furniture overturned. Trees and bushes
shaken strongly. Pendulum clock, facing
south, started. Hanging objects swung
west-east. Rapid motion in west-east direc-
tion; duration, 45 seconds; moderate earth
noises from west-east.
Des Moines.-Felt by all in community;
frightened few. Damage slight. Some
dishes and windows broke. Plaster cracked
and fell. Knickknacks and books fell.
Small objects shifted; vases and small
objects overturned. Trees and bushes
shaken strongly. Rapid motion; preceded
few seconds by loud earth noises.
Dockton.-Felt by all; awakened and
frightened many in community. Damage
slight. Chimneys twisted and fell. Dishes
and windows broke. Knickknacks, books,
pictures, and plaster fell. Plaster, windows,
walls, chimneys, and ground cracked.
Small objects and furnishings shifted; vases
and small objects overturned. Trees and
bushes shaken strongly. Motion rapid;
loud earth noises.
Duvall.-Felt by all and frightened many
in community. Damage slight to wood,
brick, masonry, and concrete. One chim-
ney fell. Plaster and chimneys cracked.
Knickknacks, books, and pictures fell;
small objects shifted; vases and small
objects overturned. Hanging objects swung
east-west. Rapid motion in east-west direc-
tion; duration, 1 minute.
Eatonville.-Felt by and frightened all.
Damage slight. Plaster and walls fell.
Dishes, windows, and furniture broke.
Plaster, windows, walls, chimneys, and
ground cracked. Knickknacks, books, and
pictures fell; small objects and furnishings
shifted; vases, small objects, and furniture
overturned. Pendulum clock stopped.
Slow motion in north direction.
Elbe and vicinity.-Felt by all and fright-
ened many in community. Damage slight
to brick. Chimneys cracked, twisted, and
fell. Knickknacks and pictures fell. Fur-
nishings shifted. Trees and bushes were
shaken strongly. "Some people seemed to
think that the motion was in several direc-
tions. Parked cars jumped up and down.
Dishes did not fall from east-west facing
cupboards. Two people reported feeling a
light tremor on April 30, about 9:10 a.m."
Motion rapid; duration, 1 minute; mode-
rate rumbling.
Electron (near Orting).-Felt by and
frightened all in community. Damage to
masonry. Chimneys, columns, and monu-
ments twisted and fell. Dishes, windows,
and furniture broke; walls fell. Ground
cracked. Trees and bushes shaken strongly.
Rapid motion in northeast direction; dura-
tion, 10 seconds.
Enumclaw.-Felt by all and frightened
many in community. Damage considerable
and windows broke; pictures and plaster
fell. Furniture shifted; small objects over-
turned. Rapid motion in east-west direc-
tion; duration, 1 minute; preceded by
moderate earth noises.
Everett.-Felt by and frightened all in
community. According to press reports a
State Patrol radio tower toppled and
streets buckled. A water main broke
between Everett and East Everett. Chim-
ney damage and downed power lines were
reported from various areas. The Bonne-
ville Power Administration reported three
major lines went out of operation. Two
230,000-volt lines from Chief Joseph Dam
to the Snohomish substation near Everett
were toppled. Another 300,000-volt line
from Grand Coulee Dam to Olympia was
broken. Other observers reported: Plaster
and chimneys cracked. Knickknacks and
books fell; small objects shifted and over-
turned. Motion rapid; duration, 45
seconds; preceded 5 seconds by moderate
earth noises.
The following is an excerpt from a re-
port by the Washington Surveying and
Rating Bureau:
In Everett, two of the three 48-inch main supply
conduits to the city failed. These failures occurred
where the lines are carried on trestles over Ebey
Slough. Industrial supply to the large consuming
pulp mills was then shut down, the mills either
closing down or going to river pumps. Full service
was restored the following day. One other break
was reported in a 4-inch line in a residential
district.
Gate.-Felt by many and awakened few.
Damage slight. Chimneys cracked, twisted,
and fell. Small objects shifted and over-
turned. Slow motion north-south; pre-
ceded several seconds by loud earth noises.
Gig Harbor (Kitsap Peninsula).-Press
reported a part of Crescent Lake Road,
west of Gig Harbor, sank out of sight and
was covered with water.
Gold Bar.-Felt by all and frightened
many in community. Damage moderate.
Chimneys twisted and fell. Dishes, win-
books, pictures, plaster, and walls fell.
Plaster, windows, walls, chimneys, and
ground cracked. Small objects and furnish-
ings shifted; vases, small objects, and fur-
niture overturned. Trees and bushes
shaken strongly. Motion rapid; duration,
45 seconds to 1 minute; loud earth noises.
Gorst.-Felt by all and frightened many
in community. Damage considerable.
Chimneys twisted. Dishes broke. Small
objects and furnishings shifted; vases and
small objects overturned; knickknacks,
books, and pictures fell. Motion rapid;
duration, 40 seconds; preceded 40 seconds
by moderate earth noises.
Granite Falls.-Felt by all and frightened
many in community. Damage slight.
Chimneys twisted and fell. Dishes broke.
Small objects shifted; knickknacks, books,
pictures, and plaster fell. Trees and bushes
shaken strongly. Hanging objects swung
east-west. Duration, 45 seconds; east-west
direction; moderate earth noises.
Grapeview.-Felt by and frightened all
in community. Damage to brick, masonry,
and concrete. Dishes broke. Plaster, chim-
neys, and ground cracked. Knickknacks,
books, and pictures fell. Small objects
and furnishings shifted; vases, small objects
and furniture overturned. Trees and
bushes shaken strongly. Rapid motion in
north-south direction; duration, 40 seconds.
Grotto.-Felt by and frightened all in
community. Damage slight to brick and
masonry. Chimneys twisted and fell.
Plaster and chimneys cracked. Small
objects and furnishings shifted, including
piano; small objects overturned. Pendu-
lum clock, facing south, stopped. Motion
rapid; duration, 1 minute; faint earth
noises.
Hobart.-Felt by all in community.
Chimneys fell. Dishes, windows, and fur-
niture broke. Knickknacks, books, pic-
tures, plaster, and wall fell. Plaster, win-
dows, walls, chimneys, and ground cracked.
Small objects and furnishings shifted; vases,
small objects, and furniture overturned.
Trees and bushes shaken strongly. Dura-
tion, 45 seconds; east-west direction; earth
noises from east-west.
Kapowsin.-Felt by all and frightened
many in community. Damage slight. Chim-
neys twisted and fell. Windows broke.
Plaster, windows, and chimneys cracked.
Knickknacks, books, and pictures fell.
Small objects shifted; vases and small
objects overturned. Trees and bushes
shaken strongly. Motion rapid; duration,
about 1 minute; loud earth noises from
north.
Kenmore.-Felt by all in community;
frightened few. Damage considerable to
masonry. Some chimneys, columns, and
monuments fell. Dishes, windows, and
furniture broke. Knickknacks, books, pic-
tures, plaster, and walls fell. Some plaster,
windows, walls, chimneys, and ground
cracked. Small objects and furnishings
shifted; vases, small objects, and furniture
overturned. Trees and bushes shaken
strongly. Hanging objects swung east-west.
Rapid motion in east-west direction; dura-
tion, 45 seconds; moderate earth noises.
Kent.-Felt by all and frightened few in
community. Press reported general build-
ing and window damage. Bricks fell off
the old Armory onto parked cars, but no
one was injured. One water main broke
and several wires snapped. Plaster and
walls cracked. Furnishings shifted; vases,
small objects, and furniture overturned.
Hanging objects swung east-west. Motion
slow; preceded 10 seconds by loud earth
noises from east-west.
Kingston.-Felt by and frightened all in
community. Damage considerable. Chim-
neys twisted and fell. Dishes and windows
broke. Plaster, windows, walls, chimneys,
and ground cracked. Knickknacks and
pictures fell. Small objects and furnish-
ings shifted; vases, small objects, and fur-
niture overturned. Trees and bushes
shaken strongly. Rapid motion in north
direction; duration, 1 minute; loud earth
noises from north. Press reported the road-
way 2 miles west of Kingston on Highway
104, near the Wolfe School, was damaged,
but not closed.
Kirkland.-Felt by all and frightened
many in community. Damage slight to
brick, masonry, and concrete. Chimneys
twisted and fell. Dishes and windows
broke; windows cracked. Knickknacks,
books, and pictures fell. Motion slow;
duration, about 30 seconds; moderate
earth noises.
La Grande.-Felt by and frightened all
in community. Damage considerable.
Chimneys twisted and fell. Shelves in store
fell both north-south and east-west. Dishes
broke. Knickknacks, books, pictures, and
plaster fell. Plaster, walls, chimneys, and
ground cracked. Earth cracks along canyon
of the Nisqually River; slides into rivers
and onto roads. Small objects and furnish-
ings shifted; small objects overturned. Cars
outdoors rocked north-south. Trees and
bushes shaken strongly. Pendulum clock.
facing east stopped. Rapid, sharp motion
in north-south direction; duration, nearly
1 minute; loud earth noises at beginning
of shock.
Lakebay.-Felt by all and frightened
many in community. Damage slight to
brick. Chimneys twisted and fell. Small
objects overturned; knickknacks fell. Mo-
tion slow; duration, 2 minutes; direction
north-south; sharp vibration at first; ending
with gentle sway; moderate earth noises.
Lake Stevens.-Felt by all and frightened
many in community. Damage slight.
Chimneys twisted and fell. Plaster and
walls cracked. Trees and bushes shaken
strongly. Pendulum clock stopped. Hang-
ing objects swung east-west. Slow motion
in east-west direction; duration, 50 seconds;
preceded 7 seconds by loud earth noises
from east.
Lakeview.-Felt by all and frightened
many in community. Damage considerable
to brick and masonry. Plaster, windows,
walls, and chimneys cracked. Dishes and
and plaster fell. Small objects shifted;
vases and small objects-overturned. Trees
and bushes shaken strongly. Slow motion
in steady, rolling, north-northwest direc-
tion; duration, about 1 minute; preceded
2-4 seconds by moderate-to-loud earth
noises from north-northwest.
Leavenworth.-Felt by all and frightened
many in community. Damage slight.
Chimneys, columns, and monuments fell.
Dishes, windows, and furniture broke.
Knickknacks, books, pictures, plaster, and
walls fell. Plaster, windows, walls, chim-
neys, and ground cracked. Small objects
and furnishings shifted; vases, small objects,
and furniture overturned. Motion rapid;
moderate earth noises.
Longbranch.-Felt by all and frightened
many in community. Damage considerable.
Chimneys twisted and fell. Dishes broke.
Knickknacks, books, pictures, and plaster
fell. Plaster and chimneys cracked. Small
objects shifted; vases and small objects
overturned. Trees and bushes were shaken
strongly. Rapid motion in east direction;
duration, 30 seconds; preceded about 12
seconds by moderate earth noises from
east. "After shock had quieted down,
light fixtures and other hanging objects
were swinging east-west."
McCleary.-Felt by and frightened all.
Damage slight to masonry and concrete.
Chimneys twisted and fell. Dishes and
windows broke. Knickknacks, books, pic-
tures, and walls fell. Plaster, windows,
walls, and chimneys cracked. Small objects
and furnishings shifted; vases, small objects,
and furniture overturned. Merchandise
fell from store shelves. Light fixtures hang-
ing from ceiling in post office were
loosened. "To me, the shake seemed more
severe than that of 1949. This time I was
in a masonry building; in 1949 I was in a
wooden building."
Manchester.-Felt by all and frightened
many in community. Damage considerable
to brick, masonry, and concrete. Chimneys
and ground cracked. Knickknacks, books,
and pictures fell. Dishes broke. Small
objects shifted; furnishings shifted 3 inches;
vases and small objects overturned. Rapid,
intense motion in east-west direction; mode-
rate earth noises from north-northwest or
east.
Maple Valley.-Felt by all and frightened
many in community. Damage slight. Chim-
neys twisted and fell. Plaster, windows,
and chimneys cracked. Knickknacks, books,
and plaster fell. Dishes and windows
broke. Small objects and furnishings
shifted; vases and small objects overturned.
Trees and bushes shaken strongly. Slow
motion in west (?) direction; moderate
earth noises from west (?) . Press account
stated the County Engineer reported fairly
extensive damage to the county's South
Road District shops. The water system,
electrical shop, and service station were
hard hit. Damage to the shops was esti-
mated at $10,000 or more. Slides were
reported on the Jones Road and Devils
Elbow Road near Maple Valley.
Milton.-Felt by all and frightened many
in community. Damage slight. Chimneys,
columns, and monuments fell. Knick-
knacks, books, pictures, plaster, and walls
fell. Dishes, windows, and furniture broke.
Plaster, windows, walls, and chimneys
cracked. Small objects and furnishings
shifted and overturned. Trees and bushes
shaken strongly. Hanging objects swung
north. Rapid motion in north direction;
duration, 45 seconds; moderate earth noises
from north.
Mineral.-Felt by all and frightened
many in community. Damage slight.
Chimneys twisted and fell. Dishes broke.
Chimneys cracked. Knickknacks, books,
and pictures fell. Small objects shifted
and overturned. Trees, bushes shaken
strongly. Slow motion in north-south
direction; duration, 50 seconds; moderate
earth noises from north-south.
Montesano.-Felt by and frightened all
in community. Damage slight. Few chim-
neys cracked; one fell. Small objects
shifted and overturned in few instances.
Slow motion in northeast direction; dura-
tion, 1 minute; moderate earth noises from
northeast.
North Bend.-Felt by all and frightened
many in community. Damage considerable
to brick, masonry, and concrete. "This
shock caused more damage in this area than
any shock during the past 50 years." Chim-
neys twisted and fell. Plaster, windows,
walls, and chimneys cracked. Knickknacks,
books, pictures, plaster, and walls fell.
Dishes, windows, and furniture broke.
Small objects and furniture overturned.
Trees and bushes shaken strongly. Rapid
motion in east direction; duration, 1 min-
ute; preceded 10 seconds by loud earth
noises from east. Press reported an ex-
tensive slide occurred on the southwest
slope of Mount Si near North Bend; heavy
damage to liquor stock at North Bend.
Oakville.-Felt by all and frightened few
in community. Damage slight to concrete.
Chimneys twisted and fell. All chimneys
were down on a hill in the northwest corner
of town. New fireplace moved 1 inch
and chimney broke and twisted. Dishes
and windows broke. Plaster, windows,
walls, and chimneys cracked. Knickknacks,
books, and plaster fell. Small objects over-
turned. Two shocks about 1 minute apart;
preceded by moderate earth noises. Power
poles swayed north-south during first shock
and east-west during second shock. Several
persons at first thought it was a sonic boom.
Olalla.-Felt by and frightened all in
community. Chimneys twisted and fell.
Chimneys and ground cracked. "Our home
on hill next to post office had main chim-
ney knocked down and house pulled away
about 3 inches from fireplace chimney
(half-way up). House sunk in several
places. There are quite a number of chim-
neys gone in this area." Merchandise fell
from shelves in grocery store; knickknacks,
books, and pictures fell. Small objects and
furnishings shifted; vases and small-objects
overturned. Rapid, jerky motion; loud
earth noises. .
Olympia.-Felt by and frightened all in
community. The following is from press
reports: The Union Pacific Railway re-
ported a hillside fill slid away from beneath
a 400-foot section of a branch line just
outside of Olympia. In the Temple of
justice, cracks developed in the walls of the
law library; cabinet tipped over; books
scattered around the floors; pictures fell
from walls. In the Legislative Building,
there was a crack about 3 feet long on the
inside of the inner dome of the rotunda.
The 5-ton chandelier swung on its 110-foot
chain, like a pendulum clock, in a 1-foot
orbit for half an hour after the shock. There
were reports the dome had shifted. The
building superintendent reported some
stones weighing 25 pounds or more had
broken loose. Cracks, due to the 1949
shock, were reopened in the Executive
Mansion. Glass from chandeliers in the
ballroom cascaded to the floor. Light
fixtures were torn out of the ceiling on the
top floor of the Health Building. The
water-pollution laboratory was a tangled
mess of broken bottles and other equip-
ment. The new post office was damaged
considerably and ordered closed. A road
around Capitol Lake, at the base of the
Capitol complex, was damaged, allowing
water to flow beneath the road. St. Peter's
Hospital reported four persons were treated
for minor injuries. Damage to light fix-
tures and elevator shafts in the Capitol
Building was about $200,000; damage to
the road and railroad was estimated at the
same amount.
The following is from a report by the
Washington State Division of Mines and
Geology:
The questionnaires (newspaper canvass) verified
our personal observations that the greatest damage
occurred in the area between 15th Avenue and 20th
Avenue and between Capitol Way and Cherry
Street. Damage was rated as none or light (interior
plaster cracks and mortar cracks in chimneys)
versus moderate to heavy. This latter classification
means that chimney bricks were dislodged or chim-
neys were destroyed and interior plaster cracked
and fell. About 15 percent of the Eastside and
Westside reported moderate to heavy chimney
damage and there were a few reports of plaster
damage. Five percent of the Carlyon-Eskridge area
reported moderate to heavy chimney damage, and
roughly 10 percent reported plaster damage. The
Capitol area seemed to have fared considerably
worse than the other three areas, at least as far as
chimney damage was concerned. About half the
responses from this area reported moderate to
severe chimney damage. Fifteen percent reported
moderate plaster damage. Both north-south and
east-west directions of motion were reported.
Other observers in Olympia reported the
following: Most objects in the General
Administration Building, 3rd floor, fell
from shelves facing north-south; east-west
facing shelves lost few objects. Files and
bookcases shifted tip to 3.5 inches. Motion
seemed to start abruptly. No aftershocks
were felt. No agitation could be seen on
the surface of Capitol Lake about 100-150
yards away. At the post office, light fixtures
fell. Small objects and furnishings shifted;
small objects overturned. Rapid, explosive-
like motion in east-west direction; loud
earth noises. Four miles south of Olympia
(Municipal Airport), felt by many; general
alarm. Damage was slight to buildings.
Some chimneys cracked and pulled away
from houses; a few north-south and vertical
cracks in airport building. Slight displace-
ment of hanging electrical fixtures. One
jarred loose from ceiling. Many objects
were displaced or knocked to the floor
throughout the area. Plaster cracked in a
few localities, and pieces were thrown down
in some instances. "No landslides in this
area, but there were some in the surround-
ing area." Motion bumping, swaying,
rapid onset; loud, rumbling earth noises.
Orting.-Felt by all; awakened and fright-
ened many in community. Damage con-
siderable to brick. Chimneys twisted and
fell; windows and furniture broke. Plaster,
windows, walls, and chimneys cracked.
Small objects and furnishings shifted; vases,
small objects and furniture overturned.
Rapid motion in north-south direction;
duration, 35 seconds; preceded 2-3 seconds
by loud earth noises from north-south.
Pacific.-Felt by and frightened all in
community. Chimneys twisted and fell;
chimneys cracked. Knickknacks and pic-
tures fell. Furnishings shifted; furniture
overturned. Trees, bushes shaken strongly.
Slow motion in north-south direction;
duration, 2 1/2 minutes; preceded by loud
earth noises from north-south.
Palmer.-Felt by all and frightened
many in community. Damage slight.
Chimneys twisted and fell; chimneys
cracked. Knickknacks, books, and pictures
fell. Small objects and furnishings shifted;
vases, small objects overturned. Trees,
bushes shaken strongly. Motion rapid;
duration, 30 seconds; loud earth noises.
Peshastin.-Felt by all and awakened
few. Damage considerable. Chimneys
twisted and fell. Plaster and chimneys
cracked. Knickknacks and pictures fell.
Small objects shifted and overturned.
Motion rapid; duration, 1 minute; mode-
rate earth noises from northwest.
Portage.-Felt by all and frightened many
in community. Damage slight. Chimneys
fell; chimneys cracked. Dishes broke.
Small objects shifted; vases and small
objects overturned. Rapid motion in east-
west direction; duration, 1 minute; loud
earth noises.
Port Orchard.-Felt by all and frightened
many in community. Damage considerable
in masonry and concrete. Brick chimneys
fell. Walls, floors, chimneys, and ground
cracked. Windows broke. Telephone
service disrupted. "Many homes and busi-
nesses reported fallen pictures from walls
and broken dishes from cabinets and shelv-
ing." Pendulum clock, facing east, stopped.
Rapid motion in southwest direction; dura-
tion, 45 seconds; preceded about 6 seconds
by moderate earth noises from southwest.
Press reported the highway a mile east of
Port Orchard was cracked.
Poulsbo.-Felt by and frightened all in
community. Damage slight. Chimneys
twisted and fell. Plaster, walls, and chim-
neys cracked. Dishes broke. Knickknacks
and pictures fell. Small objects and fur-
nishings shifted; vases and small objects
overturned. Trees, bushes shaken strongly.
Pendulum clock, facing west, stopped.
Rapid motion in southerly direction; dura-
tion, 45 seconds; moderate earth noises
from southerly direction.
Preston.-Felt by all; awakened and
frightened many in community. Damage
slight to brick. Chimneys fell; chimneys
cracked. Dishes broke. Knickknacks and
books fell. Small objects shifted and over-
turned. Trees, bushes shaken strongly.
Motion rapid; duration, 45 seconds. "Shock
began with several seconds of vibration in
north-south direction, rapidly increasing
in speed and intensity; then followed heavy
shocks of undulating and rocking motion,
accompanied by earth noises. Rocking
continued for several seconds after rumbl-
ings ceased."
Puyallup (about 30 miles south of
Seattle) .-Felt by and frightened many in
community; awakened few. Damage con-
siderable. Chimneys and walls fell. Plas-
ter and chimneys cracked. Dishes and win-
dows broke. Knickknacks, books, and
plaster fell. Small objects and furniture
overturned. Trees, bushes shaken strongly.
Pendulum clock, facing south, stopped.
Rapid rolling motion in north-south direc-
tion; loud earth noises from north. The
Washington Natural Gas Company re-
ported one minor break in the Puyallup
area.
Quilcene.-Frightened all in community;
awakened many. Damage considerable.
Plaster and walls fell; plaster, windows,
walls, chimneys cracked. Dishes, windows,
and furniture broke. Knickknacks, books,
and pictures fell. Small objects and fur-
nishings shifted; vases, small objects, and
furniture overturned. Trees, bushes
shaken strongly. Pendulum clock stopped.
Rocking motion in north-south direction;
loud earth noises.
Ravensdale.-Felt by all (except people
in cars) and frightened many in com-
munity. Damage slight. Chimneys twisted
and fell; plaster fell; plaster and chimneys
cracked. Knickknacks, books, and pictures
fell. Small objects shifted; vases and small
objects overturned. Motion slow; duration,
30 seconds; moderate earth noises.
Renton.-Felt by all and frightened many
in community. At the Boeing Aircraft
Plant (reported by Dr. Gordon B. Oake-
shott, California State Division of Mines
and Geology) , floors settled away from the
foundation piling; much interior concrete
block cracked; flourescent light fixtures
down; acoustical ceiling tile fell, and con-
crete tiles fell away from structural steel
members. Press reported fireplace col-
lapsed, injuring three members of family.
Large boiler broke at the Pacific Car and
Foundry Company. Motion rapid; dura-
tion, 45-50 seconds; preceded few seconds
by loud earth noises.
Retsil.-Felt by all; awakened and
frightened many in community. Damage
considerable. Chimneys twisted and fell.
Dishes, windows, and furniture broke.
Knickknacks, books, pictures, plaster, and
walls fell. Plaster, windows, walls, chim-
neys, and ground cracked. Small objects
and furnishings shifted; vases, small objects,
and furniture overturned. Trees, bushes
shaken strongly. Rapid motion in north-
south direction; moderate earth noises.
Ronald.-Felt by all and frightened many
in community. Damage slight to brick
and masonry. Chimneys twisted and fell.
Windows broke. Plaster and chimneys
cracked. "Most damage confined to top-
pled chimneys and broken windows."
Small objects and furnishings shifted; vases,
small objects, and furniture overturned.
Large rock dump started to slide and cave.
Rapid motion in south direction; duration,
5-10 seconds; faint earth noises.
Roslyn.-Awakened and frightened many
in community. Damage slight. Chimneys
cracked and fell. Pictures fell; small
objects and furnishings shifted; vases, small
objects, and furniture overturned. First
shock fairly light; second, rapid strong
shaking in east direction; duration, 45
seconds; accompanied by earth noises.
Shelton.-Felt by many. "Most building
damage was to chimneys-fell southwest.
Have heard of three cracked walls. Main
return line broke on southwest side of my
public pool. Objects displaced by jump-
ing." Bumping motion in northwest to
south direction; gradual onset; roaring
earth noise heard at time of shock.
Skykomish.-Felt by and frightened all
in community. Damage slight to brick.
Chimneys fell. Walls and chimneys
cracked; plaster fell. Vases and small
objects overturned. Rapid motion in west-
east or east-west direction; duration, 30-45
seconds; moderate earth noises from west-
east.
Snoqualmie.-Felt 'by all and frightened
many in community. Damage considerable
to brick. Chimneys twisted and fell.
Dishes and windows broke. Knickknacks,
books, pictures, and plaster fell. Plaster,
windows, and chimneys cracked. Small
objects and furnishings shifted; vases and
small objects overturned. Hanging objects
swung northeast. Rapid motion in north-
east direction; duration, 30 seconds; mod-
erate earth noises from northeast.
Snoqualmie Falls.-Frightened many in
community. Damage considerable. "Many
chimneys and fireplaces down or not use-
able." Walls, chimneys, flues and fireplaces
cracked. Dishes and windows broke. Small
objects and furnishings shifted. Books out
of bookshelves and bookcases; mail out of
boxes and everything on floor at post office.
Slides on Mount Si. Rapid, rolling motion
in east-west direction; moderate earth noises
from east west. "It was like being on a
small boat on choppy water."
South Bend.-Felt by all and frightened
many. Damage slight. Chimneys twisted
and fell; chimneys cracked. Knickknacks
fell. Small objects shifted; vases and small
objects overturned. Motion slow; duration,
1 minute.
South Colby.-Felt by and frightened all
in community. Damage considerable to
brick and masonry. Chimneys twisted and
fell. Dishes and windows broke. Knick-
knacks, books, pictures, stock on store
shelves, and plaster fell. Plaster, windows,
walls, and chimneys cracked. Small objects
and furnishings shifted; vases and small
objects overturned. Hanging objects swung
and fell. Rapid motion in north-south
direction; duration, 45 seconds; preceded
about 4 seconds by loud earth noises.
Stanwood.-Felt by many in community.
"One of the heaviest shocks ever felt in this
locality." Damage slight. Chimneys
twisted and fell; chimneys cracked. Knick-
knacks, books, and pictures fell. Small
objects and furniture shifted; vases and
small objects overturned. Moderate mo-
tion in northwest direction; duration, 20
seconds.
Sultan.-Felt by and frightened all in
community. Chimneys twisted and fell.
Dishes and windows broke. Knickknacks,
books, pictures, plaster, and walls fell.
Plaster, walls, and chimneys cracked. Small
objects and furnishings shifted; vases over-
turned. Trees and bushes were shaken
strongly. Pendulum clock stopped. Rapid
motion in east-west direction; duration,
35-45 seconds; preceded 3-4 seconds by
loud earth noises.
Sumner.-Felt by several and frightened
few in community. Damage slight to
masonry. Chimneys twisted and fell. Plas-
ter and chimneys cracked. Small objects
shifted. Rapid motion in east direction;
duration, 45-60 seconds; moderate earth
noises.
Suquamish (about 15 miles northwest of
Seattle) .-Felt by all; awakened and fright-
ened many in community. Damage slight.
The press reported the shoreline of Suqua-
mish, in northeast Kitsap County, heaved
up 15 feet in places. A 2-story beach house
was demolished and trees were uprooted.
Fill dirt for a road slid down a 100-foot
bank. A nearby resident reported the
beach below the bank heaved in a wave-
like motion and rolled like a wave toward
the bank. The beach close under the
bank seemed to sink several feet. "The
earthquake left a high beach, most of which
was washed out by the high tide." Ground
cracked. Books and plaster fell. Trees
and bushes were shaken strongly. Rapid
motion in northeast direction; duration,
40-50 seconds; preceded 5 seconds by mod-
erate earth noises from the east.
Tacoma.-Felt by and frightened all in
community. Damage considerable. Press
reported the Union Station was evacuated
due to extensive damage. Hugh chunks of
concrete fell from the roof. No one was
injured, but most activity at the old depot
was halted until damage could be deter-
mined. Tacoma police said preliminary
reports indicated no major damage. About
60 windows were broken at Schoenfeld's
Furniture Store, near the depot. Many
walls and chimneys throughout the city
and suburbs were toppled; many windows
shattered; gas and water mains broke.
Damage to schools was very light. One of
the main downtown streets, Pacific Avenue,
was littered with bricks and debris. A cross
fell from one church. The Narrows Bridge
shook violently for 3-5 minutes, but no
serious damage resulted. An official re-
ported bolts on the bridge were sheared
and one light pole was down. A cashier
at the toll plaza reported vibrating cables
scarred concrete blocks, and that light
standards shook, dislodging glass fixtures.
All glass in the roadway lights was broken.
Cables rippled the length of the span. Two
liquor stores reported broken merchandise.
Rapid motion in west direction; duration,
1 minute, loud earth noises.
Tahuya.-Felt by all. Damage slight to
concrete. Chimneys twisted and fell.
Ground cracked. Small objects and fur-
nishings shifted; china closet nearly over-
turned. Trees and bushes shook strongly.
Hanging objects swung north-south. Rapid
motion in north-south direction, duration,
less than 1 minute; preceded 2-3 seconds by
loud earth noises. "This earthquake was
much stronger than the 1949 shock."
Tumwater (about 2 miles south of
Olympia).-Landslide caused breakage of
a sewer line and railroad tracks. The
Union Pacific Railroad reported that a
hillside fill slid away from beneath a 400-
foot section of a branch line just outside
of Olympia (press). Damage was est.-
mated at about $200,000.
Vashon Island.-Considerable chimney
loss, wall cracks, and fallen plaster were
reported from practically all parts of the
island. The southern and western sections
seemed to have been most severely
damaged. Press reports stated the Burton-
Tahlequah Road settled. Stock was thrown
from shelves in markets and bottles broke.
Home waterpipe broke. Felt very strongly
at Vashon. At Ellisport, east shore, the
shock was felt by all, awakened few, and
frightened many. Trees and bushes were
shaken strongly; hanging objects swung
northeast. Rapid motion in northeast
direction; duration, 30 seconds to 1 minute;
loud earth noises.
Vaughn.-Felt by, awakened, and fright-
ened many. Damage slight. Chimneys
twisted and fell; some chimneys cracked.
Knickknacks, books, and pictures fell.
Trees and bushes were shaken strongly.
Slow motion in west-east direction; dura-
tion, 45 seconds. This was preceded by
loud earth noises from the south.
Wauna.-Felt by all and frightened many
in community. Damage considerable to
brick and masonry. Chimneys twisted and
fell. Knickknacks, books, and pictures fell.
Plaster, walls, and chimneys cracked. Small
objects shifted and overturned. Trees and
bushes were shaken strongly. Pendulum
clock stopped. Rapid motion in north-
south direction; duration, 45 seconds; mod-
erate earth noises from north-south.
NOTE: Since additional data have been
received subsequent to the printing of the
report, "The Puget Sound, Washington
Earthquake of April 29, 1965," some towns
that were listed in the report at lower in-
tensities have been re-evaluated at higher
intensities.
INTENSITY VI: Adna, Alder, Algona,
Aloha, Amanda Park, Amboy, American
River, Anderson Island (47 degrees 09.8' north,
122 degrees 42.0' west), Ardenvior, Arlington,
Bainbridge Island, Baring, Bay Center,
Beaver, Belfair, Bellevue, Blaine, Bothell,
Bremerton, Bridgeport, Brooklyn, Brush
Prairie, Bucoda, Burien, Burley, Burling-
ton, Burton, Carbonado, Cashmere, Castle
Rock, Cathlamet, Centralia, Chehalis,
Chelan, Chelan Falls, Cinebar, Clallam
Bay, Clearlake, Cle Elum, Clinton, Con-
crete, Conway, Copalis Beach, Copalis
Crossing, Cosmopolis, Cougar, Coupeville,
Darrington, Dryden, Dupont, Easton,
Edmonds, Ellensburg, Elma, Ethel, Fall
City, Fort Steilacoom, Fox Island, Frances,
Freeland, Galvin, Gig Harbor, Glenoma,
Gooseprairie, Graham, Hadlock, Hansville,
Harper, Hoodsport, Hyak, Ilwaco, Index,
Indianola, Joyce, Kelso, Keyport, Kosmos,
La Center, Lacey, La Conner, Langley,
Lebam, Lester, Lilliwaup, Littlerock, Long
Beach, Longview, Lowell, Lyman, Lynden,
McKenna, Marblemount, Marysville, May-
field, Medina, Menlo, Mercer Island, Mid-
way, Monroe, Morton, Mossyrock, Mount-
lake Terrace, Mount Rainier National
Park, Mount Vernon, Mukilteo, Naches,
Nahcotta, Napevine, Nooksack, Nordland,
Omak, Onalaska, Orondo, Oysterville,
Pacific Beach, Packwood, Pe Ell, Porter,
Port Gamble, Port Ludlow, Potlatch,
Rainer, Randle, Raymond, Redmond,
Redondo, Richmond Beach, Rochester,
Rollingbay, Roy, Ryderwood, Satsop, Sea-
beck, Seahurst, Seattle Heights, Sekiu,
Selah, Selleck, Shelton, Silvana, Skamokawa,
Snohomish, South Cle Elum, South Prairie,
Southworth, Startup, Stevens Pass (Mount
Persis region), Swift Dam (about 5 1/2 miles
east of Cougar), Tokeland, Toledo, Toutle,
Tracyton, Tukwila, Union, Vader, Wilke-
son, Winlock, Woodinville, Woodland,
and Zenith.
INTENSITY VI IN OREGON: Astoria, Birken-
feld, Boring, Buxton, Clatskanie, Clifton,
Hammond, Knappa, Newberg, Seaside, and
Vernonia.
INTENSITY VI IN BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA:
Victoria.-Plaster cracked; china broke.
Many vacated houses. Piles shifted at the
harbor. (Questionnaire canvass by Dr.
W. G. Milne, Dominion Astrophysical
Observatory, Victoria, B. C.)
INTENSITY V IN WASHINGTON: Aberdeen,
Acme, Aeneas, Ajlune, Ariel, Ashford, Big
Lake (about 6 miles southeast of Mount
Vernon), Blanchard, Bow, Brewster,
Buena, Bumping Lake, Carlsborg, Carrolls,
Chewelah, Chinook, Cliffdell, Colfax, Con-
nell, Cook, Cowiche, Creston, Crewport,
Curlew, Curtis, Custer, Decatur Island,
Deep River, Deer Harbor, Deming, Doty,
East Olympia, Eastsound, Edison, Electric
City, Everson, Ferndale, Ford, Friday
Harbor, Gardiner, Gifford, Glenwood,
Grayland, Grays River, Greenbank.
Hamilton, Heisson, Hoquiam, Humptulips,
Inchelium area, Kalama, Keller, Kittitas,
Lakewood, Lamont, La Push, Loon Lake,
Lopez, Lummi Island, Lynnwood, Malaga,
Malone, Malott, Maple Falls, Marietta,
Mattock, Mazama, Metaline, Methow, Mill
wood, Moclips, Monitor, Moxee City,
Naselle, Neah Bay, Neilton, Nespelem,
North Bonneville, Oak Harbor, Ocean
City, Ocean Park, Olga, Orcas, Port
Angeles, Port Townsend, Prosser, River
side, Rock Island, Rockport, Rosburg
Salkum, Shaw Island, Silver Creek, Silver
dale, Silverlake, Steilacoom, Stevenson
Sumas, Tenino, Thorp, Tumtum, Under
wood, Vancouver, Vantage, Waldron
White Salmon, Wiley City, Winthrop
Withrow, Yakima (and 6 miles north of at
Gleed), Yelm, and Zillah.
INTENSITY V IN OREGON: Aloha, Beaver,
Brightwood, Cannon Beach, Cape Meares
Lighthouse (about 8 miles northwest of
Tillamook), Fairview, Gales Creek, Hebo,
Hillsboro, Jewell, McMinnville, Mayville
(3 miles east of), Milwaukee, Monmouth,
Mosier (2 miles southeast of) , Mount
Hood, Odell, Philomath, Portland, Rainier,
Sandy, Scappoose, Tidewater, Tigard,
Timber, Tygh Valley, Valsetz, Warrenton,
and Willamina.
INTENSITY V IN BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA:
Abbotsford, Grand Forks, and Huntingdon.
INTENSITY IV IN WASHINGTON: Addy, Air-
way Heights, Albion, Almira, Anacortes,
Azwell, Bellingham, Benton City, Beverly,
Bingen, Boyds, Brownstown, Camas, Carl-
ton, Chattaroy, Cheney, Clayton, Chima-
cum, Colbert, Colville, Conconully, Coulee
City, Coulee Dam, Cusick, Douglas, Edwall,
Elberton, Elmer City, Ewan, Fairfield, Forks,
Four Lakes, Fruitland, Grand Coulee,
Granger, Harrah, Hartline, Hatton,
Hunters, Husum, Ione, Irby (about 10
miles northwest of Odessa) . Kahlotus,
Kiona, Lamona, Lancaster, Laurel, Laurier,
Lincoln, Lind, Loomis, Lyle, Mabton,
Malden, Malo, Manson, Marcus, Marlin,
Marshall, Maryhill, Medical Lake, Mohler,
Molson (10 miles south of, on Dry Gulch
Road) , Moses Lake, Northport, Odessa,
Oroville, Othello, Outlook, Palisades, Pasco,
Pateros, Point Roberts, Pullman, Rich-
land (Hanford Project), Roosevelt, Sap-
pho, Schwarder (5 miles south of Yakima),
Sequim, Spokane, Steptoe, Stratford, Sunny-
side, Synarep, Thornton, Tiger, Tonasket,
Touchet, Trout Lake, Twisp, Union Gap,
Uniontown, Usk, Valley, Veradale, Walla
Walla and vicinity, Warden, Washougal,
Washtucna, Waterville, Waukon, Wena-
tchee, Westport, White Swan, Wilbur,
Wilson, and Yacolt.
INTENSITY IV IN OREGON: Arlington,
Aurora, Bonneville, Cascade Locks, Cherry
Grove (7 miles west of Gaston), Coos Bay,
Dallas, Depoe Bay, Detroit (Detroit Ranger
Station, 1 miles west of Detroit) , Estacada,
Gardiner, Gaston, Gearhart, Goble,
Government Camp, Hood River, Idanha,
Ione, Lebanon, Mapleton, Marquam, Mill
City, Mulino, Nehalem, North Powder,
Oregon City, Pacific City, Parkdale, Prine-
ville, Rufus, Salem, Scottsburg, Shedd,
Sheridan, Sublimity, Tillamook, Walton,
Westlake, West Linn, and Woodburn.
INTENSITY IV IN IDAHO: Athol, Bonners
Ferry, Bovill, Coeur D'Alene, Elk River,
Moscow, Nordman, Potlatch, and Saint
Maries.
INTENSITY IV IN MONTANA: Eureka.
INTENSITY IV IN BRITISH COLUMBIA, CAN-
ADA: Agassiz, Alberni, Cache Creek, Dun-
can, Ganoes, Hope-Princeton Highway,
Ladner, Ladysmith, Oliver, Port Renfrew,
Powell River, Shawnigan Lake, Silver Creek
(3 miles west of Hope) , and Vancouver.
INTENSITY I-III IN WASHINGTON: Benge,
Bluecreek, Carson, Cedonia, Clearwater,
Colton, Cunningham, Danville, Dayton,
Deer Park (2 miles north of), Denison,
Entiat, Ephrata, Evans, Farmer, Freeman,
Glenwood, Goldendale, Grandview, Kettle
Falls, Kewa, Larson Air Force Base (about
8 miles north by west of Moses Lake),
Liberty Lake, Locke, Mansfield, Mead,
Mica, Metaline Falls, Nine Mile Falls,
Okanogan, Orient, Otis Orchards, Pine
City, Reardan, Rice, Rosalia (5 miles north
and west of) , Saint John, Soap Lake, Snake
River (5 miles north of Springdale,
Tekoa, Toppenish, Urban (Sinclair
Island), Waitsburg, Wallula, Wapato,
Wawawai (7 miles north of, on Snake
River), Wellpinit, Winchester, Winona,
and Wishram.
INTENSITY I-III IN OREGON: Clackamas,
Coquille, Culver, Eugene (Mahlon Sweet
Field, about 8 miles north-northwest of
Eugene), Florence, Fossil, Gresham, Halsey,
Saint Helens, Silverton, The Dalles (4 or 5
miles west of), Toledo, Waldport, Win-
chester Bay, and Yachats.
INTENSITY I-III IN IDAHO: Calder, Coolin,
Dover, Harrison, Kootenai, and Sandpoint.
INTENSITY I-III IN MONTANA: Hot
Springs, Kalispell, Noxon, Trout Creek,
and Whitefish (5 1/2 miles west of Bissel
community).
INTENSITY I-III IN BRITISH COLUMBIA, CAN-
ADA: Bowser, Castlegar (west side of
Columbia River), Denman Island (west-
central section) , Gabriola (Gabriola Island,
northwest section) , North Bend, Parksville,
Pemberton, Princeton, Ucluelet, and Union
Bay.
April 30: 09:10 (about). Elbe, Wash.
Light tremor reported felt by two.
October 23: 08:27:59.8*. Epicenter
47.5 degrees north, 122.4 degrees west,
Washington, Puget Sound area, W. Magnitude
4.8. Felt at Bremerton, Everett, Olympia,
Tacoma, Seattle, and Waterman.
UW Dept. of Earth and Space Sciences ..... . PNW EARTHQUAKES