Washington Public Power Supply System, Preliminary
Safety Analysis Report,
WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 1, 1300 MW Nuclear Power Plant, Vol. 2A.
1977
Table 2R B-2
(RSL Comments: This material is extracted from Washington Public Power Supply System, Preliminary
Safety Analysis Report,
WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 1, 1300 MW Nuclear Power Plant, Vol. 2A.
Vol, 2A has a submittal letter dated September 19, 1977. We have copy number 82.
The letter states that Amendment 23 is the response of WPPSS to a request to re-evaluate the
1872 earthquake.
Vol. 2A includes the following:
2R-A "Report of the Review Panel on the December 14, 1872 earthquake" by Coombs, Milne,
Nuttli, and Slemmons (excluding verbatim original accounts)
2R-B "A review of the North Cascade earthquake of 14 December 1872" by Woodward-Clyde
2R-C "Tectonic Evolution of the Pacific Northwest Precambrian to present", by Gregory A. Davis
2R-D "Geologic Studies in the 1872 earthquake Epicentra Region", by Shannon and Wilson
2R-E "Geophysical and Seismological Studies in the 1872 earthquake epicentral region", by
Weston Geophysical
TABLE 2R B-2
LIST OF NEWSPAPERS
Contemporary Accounts
Location Newspaper Date
Baker, OR Bedrock Democrat December 18, 1872
Barkerville, BC Cariboo Sentinel December 21, 1872
January 4, 1873
January 11, 1873
January 18, 1873
January 25, 1873
March 1, 1873
Boise, ID Idaho Tri-Weekly December 24, 1872
Statesman
Bozeman, MT Bozeman Avant December 12, 1872
Courier December 27, 1872
Corvallis, OR Weekly Corvallis December 21, 1872
Gazette
The Dalles, OR The Weekly December 21, 1872
Mountaineer December 28, 1872
January 4, 1873
February 1, 1873
Deer Lodge, MT The New Northwest December 10, 1872
December 14, 1872
December 21, 1872
December 28, 1872
February 2, 1873
April 5, 1873
Eugene, OR Eugene City Guard December 21, 1872
Eugene, OR Oregon State December 21, 1872
Journal
Helena, MT Helena Daily Herald December 11, 1872
December 12, 1872
December 16, 1872
February 8, 1873
Helena, MT The Helena Daily December 16, 1872
World
Idaho City, ID Idaho Signal December 21, 1872
December 28, 1872
Idaho City, ID Idaho World December 26, 1872
Jacksonville, OR Democratic Times December 21, 1872
Kalama, WA Kalama Beacon December 21, 1872
Missoula, MT The Montana December 21, 1872
Pioneer
New Westminster, BC Mainland Guardian January 8, 1873
January 9, 1873
March 6, 1873
Olympia, VA Daily Pacific December 16, 1872
Tribune December 17, 1872
December 18, 1872
Olympia, WA The Olympia December 21, 1873
Transcript December 28, 1872
January 4, 1873
January 18, 1873
January 25, 1873
February 1, 1873
February 8, 1873
February 15, 1873
March 29, 1873
Olympia, WA Puget Sound Daily December 16, 1872
Courier December 17, 1872
January 2, 1873
January 18, 1873
January 20, 1873
January 22, 1873
Olympia, WA Puget Sound Weekly December 21, 1872
Courier
Olympia, WA Washington Standard December 21, 1872
January 11, 1873
Olympia, WA The Weekly Echo December 19, 1872
January 2, 1873
January 9, 1873
Olympia, WA Weekly Pacific December 21, 1872
Tribune December 28, 1872
Phillipsburg, MT Montanian December 19, 1872
Portland, OR The Catholic December 21, 1872
Sentinel
Portland, OR Daily Oregonian December 16, 1872
December 17, 1872
December 19, 1872
December 20, 1872
January 15, 1873
Portland, OR Morning Oregonian December 19,1872
December 20,1872
December 21,1872
Portland, OR Oregonian December 17,1872
December 21,1872
December 23,1872
December 27,1872
December 30,1872
January 3, 1873
January 7, 1873
January 15, 1873
January 17, 1873
January 18, 1873
January 20, 1873
Portland, OR Pacific Christian December 26, 1872
Advocate
Portland, OR Plaindealer December 20, 1872
Salem, OR Weekly Mercury December 20, 1872
Salem, OR Willanette Farmer December 21, 1872
January 4, 1873
Seattle, WA Puget Sound December 19, 1872
Dispatch December 26, 1872
Seattle, WA Weekly December 16, 1872
Intelligencer December 23, 1872
January 13, 1873
January 20, 1873
February 3, 1873
February 10, 1873
March 3, 1873
November 29, 1873
Steilacoom, WA Puget Sound Express December 19, 1872
Union, OR The Mountain December 21, 1872
Sentinel
Victoria, BC Daily British December 15, 1872
Colonist December 17, 1872
December 19, 1872
Victoria, BC Daily British December 20, 1872
Colonist January 10, 1873
January 21, 1873
January 31, 1873
Victoria, BC Victoria Daily December 16, 1872
Standard December 17, 1872
December 19, 1872
December 20, 1872
December 27, 1872
January 7, 1873
January 10, 1873
January 24, 1873
February 3, 1873
March 7, 1873
March 12, 1873
March 21, 1873
Virginia City, MT Weekly Montanian December 19, 1872
December 26, 1872
Walla Walla, WA Walla Walla December 21, 1872
Statesman
Walla Walla, WA Walla Walla December 21, 1872
Statesman, Weekly March 29, 1873
Walla Walla Walla Walla Union December 21, 1872
December 28, 1872
January 4, 1873
January 11, 1873
February 1, 1873
March 15, 1873
June 14, 1873
October 4, 1873
December 27, 1873
_______________________________________________
Historical Review Articles
Location Newspaper Date
Chelan, WA Chelan Leader September 14, 1894
Chilliwack, BC Chilliwack Progress August 19, 1915
Spokane, WA Spokane Review January 8, 1905
Victoria, BC Daily British August 19, 1874
Colonist September 23, 1877
Walla Walla, WA Spirit of the West November 27, 1874
December 4, 1874
Wenatchee, WA Wenatchee Daily June 15, 1922
World AuguSt 8, 1925
March 25, 1931
June 7, 1932
August 16, 1936
August 6, 1959
July 13, 1960
December 19, 1965
Wenatchee, WA Wenatchee World February 17, 1972
February 24, 1972
December 7, 1973
Yakima, WA Yakima Herald March 3, 1892
Washington Public Power Supply System, Preliminary
Safety Analysis Report,
WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 1, 1300 MW Nuclear Power Plant, Vol. 2A.
1977
Table 2R B-4
(RSL Comments: This material is extracted from Washington Public Power Supply System, Preliminary
Safety Analysis Report,
WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 1, 1300 MW Nuclear Power Plant, Vol. 2A.
Vol, 2A has a submittal letter dated September 19, 1977. We have copy number 82.
The letter states that Amendment 23 is the response of WPPSS to a request to re-evaluate the
1872 earthquake.
Vol. 2A includes the following:
2R-A "Report of the Review Panel on the December 14, 1872 earthquake" by Coombs, Milne,
Nuttli, and Slemmons (excluding verbatim original accounts)
2R-B "A review of the North Cascade earthquake of 14 December 1872" by Woodward-Clyde
2R-C "Tectonic Evolution of the Pacific Northwest Precambrian to present", by Gregory A. Davis
2R-D "Geologic Studies in the 1872 earthquake Epicentra Region", by Shannon and Wilson
2R-E "Geophysical and Seismological Studies in the 1872 earthquake epicentral region", by
Weston Geophysical
TABLE 2R B-4
(RSL 6/1995 - This table was not scanned because of its complex format. However, it presents
Modified Mercalli Intensities for the 1872 North Cascade earthquake. MMI values from studies by
WPPSS (1977), Weston Geophysical (1976), Coombs et al. (1976), Puget Sound Power and
Light/Bechtel (1977), Puget Sound Power and Light/N. Scott (1977), and USGS(1977) are
tabulated in alphabetical order by place-name. Figure 2R-B1, which follows the tabulation, is an
"Isoseismal Map for the 1872 North Cascade earthquake" provided by Woodward-Clyde, the
authors of this section)
Washington Public Power Supply System, Preliminary
Safety Analysis Report,
WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 1, 1300 MW Nuclear Power Plant, Vol. 2A.
1977
Table 2R-E14A
(RSL Comments: This material is extracted from Washington Public Power Supply System, Preliminary
Safety Analysis Report,
WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 1, 1300 MW Nuclear Power Plant, Vol. 2A.
Vol, 2A has a submittal letter dated September 19, 1977. We have copy number 82.
The letter states that Amendment 23 is the response of WPPSS to a request to re-evaluate the
1872 earthquake.
Vol. 2A includes the following:
2R-A "Report of the Review Panel on the December 14, 1872 earthquake" by Coombs, Milne,
Nuttli, and Slemmons (excluding verbatim original accounts)
2R-B "A review of the North Cascade earthquake of 14 December 1872" by Woodward-Clyde
2R-C "Tectonic Evolution of the Pacific Northwest Precambrian to present", by Gregory A. Davis
2R-D "Geologic Studies in the 1872 earthquake Epicentra Region", by Shannon and Wilson
2R-E "Geophysical and Seismological Studies in the 1872 earthquake epicentral region", by
Weston Geophysical
_______________________________________________
TABLE 2R E-14a
LISTING A
LETTERS RELATING TO THE EARTHQUAKE OF
DECEMBER 14, 1872
Baudre, Peverend F. M., O.M.I., "Letter to D'Herbormez
dated December 28, 1872 from Okanagan Valley", Manu-
script in possession of Archives Deschatelets, Ottawa,
Canada.
"OKANAGAN VALLEY, 28XBRE, 1872*
"The earthquake which we have experienced has a great effect on our
savages who believed that the last hour of the world had arrived. I
know some who passed the night in prayer. At the moment of the earthquake,
some of the -Indians were engaged in their extravagant dances. As the
others, they were so frightened by the dance of the earth that they
knelt down praying, shouting and crying. They asked me a thousand
questions about the earthquake: what it was; would it return.
"In the vicinity of Osoyoos Lake the shock was stronger; rocks
were detached from the mountains. A man was thrown to the ground; two
horses were killed, and I do not know exactly where but near Similkameen
the earth opened and a stinky smoke came out of that crevasse.
"As for us, we thought that our house was going to collapse. We
got up to escape from that danger but we escaped with only our fear.
"F. M. Baudre, 0. M. I. "
*(Weston Geophysical Research, Inc. Note: Locality probably
corresponds to the "Mission de l'Immaculate Conception,
Lake Okanagan; the modern locality is Okanagan Mission,
British Columbia.)
Baudre, Reverend F. tl., O.M.I., "Letter to D'Herbormez
dated January 21, 1873 from Okanagan Mission", Manu-
script in possession of Archives Deschitelets, Ottawa,
Canada.
"Okanagan mission, January 21, 1873
"The savages of Similkameen are in the greatest consternation.
Numerous times during (these) weeks they experienced earthquakes. Two
savages who had come from Similkameen reported to me that their brothers
from Colville were announcing that the end of the world was not far off.
"F. M. Baudre, 0. M. I. "
Baudre, Reverend F. M., O.M.I., "Letter to D'Herbormez
dated March 7, 1873, from Okanagan Diission, "Manuscript
in possession of Archives Deschatelets, Ottawa, Canada.
"Okanagan mission, March 7, 1873
"Some weeks after the earthquake which happened near Christmas I
received a visit from many savages from Similkameen; among them were
two one of which was a chief named Shious (manuscript unclear). They
were and are yet still very frightened from the first shock and many
others that they have had since Christmas.
"F. M. Baudre, 0. M. I."
Washington Public Power Supply System, Preliminary
Safety Analysis Report,
WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 1, 1300 MW Nuclear Power Plant, Vol. 2A.
1977
Tables 2R-E16 and 2R-E14B
(RSL Comments: This material is extracted from Washington Public Power Supply System, Preliminary
Safety Analysis Report,
WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 1, 1300 MW Nuclear Power Plant, Vol. 2A.
Vol, 2A has a submittal letter dated September 19, 1977. We have copy number 82.
The letter states that Amendment 23 is the response of WPPSS to a request to re-evaluate the
1872 earthquake.
Vol. 2A includes the following:
2R-A "Report of the Review Panel on the December 14, 1872 earthquake" by Coombs, Milne,
Nuttli, and Slemmons (excluding verbatim original accounts)
2R-B "A review of the North Cascade earthquake of 14 December 1872" by Woodward-Clyde
2R-C "Tectonic Evolution of the Pacific Northwest Precambrian to present", by Gregory A.
Davis
2R-D "Geologic Studies in the 1872 earthquake Epicentra Region", by Shannon and Wilson
2R-E "Geophysical and Seismological Studies in the 1872 earthquake epicentral region", by
Weston Geophysical
This record includes:
Tables 2R E-14b; LISTING B - ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTATION OF CATALOGED EVENTS
and 2R E-16; CATALOGED EVENTS: ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTATION OBTAINED DURING THE INVESTIGATION)
TABLE 2R E-16
CATALOGED EVENTS: ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTATION
OBTAINED DURING THE INVESTIGATION
May 10, 1883 INLAND SENTINEL, THE 05/24/1883
Jan 30, 1900 CHILLIWACK PROGRESS, THE 01/31/1900
Jan 11, 1909 CHILLIWACK PROGRESS, THE 01/19/1909
Aug 18, 1915 CHILLIWACK PROGRESS, THE 08/19/1915
Feb 22, 1916 PENTICTON HERALD, THE 03/02/1916
Jan 23, 1920 CHILLIWACK PROGRESS, THE 01/29/1920
Aug 08, 1924 CHILLIWACK PROGRESS, THE 08/13/1924
Jun 28, 1925 PENTICTON HERALD, THE 06/30/1925
Jul 21, 1930 VANCOUVER SUN, THE 11/13/1939
Apr 17, 1931 CHILLIWACK PROGRESS, THE 04/23/1931
Dec 31, 1931 VANCOUVER SUN, THE 11/13/1939
Jul 18, 1932 CHILLIWACK PROGRESS, THE 07/28/1932
Dec 21, 1932 VANCOUVER SUN, THE 11/13/1939
Oct 05, 1933 VANCOUVER SUN, THE 11/13/1939
May 04, 1934 VANCOUVER SUN, THE. 11/13/1939
VERNON NEWS, THE 05/10/1934
Mar 28, 1936 CHILLIWACK PROGRESS, THE 04/09/1936
Apr 22, 1936 VICTORIA DAILY TIMES 04/22/1936
Jul 15, 1936 CHILLIWACK PROGRESS, THE 07/22/1936
Feb 19, 1938 VANCOUVER SUN, THE 11/13/1939
etc. (additional info on post-1928 earthquakes RSL)
TABLE 2R E-14b
LISTING B
ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTATION OF
CATALOGED EVENTS
Inland Sentinel, The, Kamloops, B.C., May 24, 1883
"Earthquake--At five minutes to seven last evening two sharp shocks
of an earthquake visited this vicinity. The movement was from soutkdest
to northwest, the duration of both was about six seconds. Buildings
were shaken violently, windows, gas fixtures and crockery rattled, and
many people were scared but no one was hurt."
_______________________________________________
Chilliwack Progress, The, Chilliwack, B.C., January 31, 1900
"A Young Earthquake
"A mild shock of earthquake visited the valley last evening shortly
after eight o'clock. There was a loud rumbling and four or five distinct
vibrations were felt. Buildings were slightly shaken and loose articles
rattled as with a heavy jar. The shock was noticed by large numbers of
people throughout the valley."
_______________________________________________
Chilliwack Progress, The, Chilliwack, B.C., January 13, 1909
"CHILLIWACK HAD AN EARTHQUAKE
"A Slight Earth Tremor Distinctly Felt on Monday Afternoon by the
House Dwellers.
"Dishes, Pictures and wall Bric-a-Bric Rattled and Swayed for about
Seven Seconds.
"Not to be behind and out of the fashion with other places of
importance, Chilliwack experienced about 3:45 p.m. on Monday, a slight
shock of earthquake. The shock was quite perceptible to those in the
houses but those upon the street felt nothing of it.
"The tremor or shock lasted about seven seconds and set dishes and
windows rattling and pictures swayed upon the walls. No people are
reported as alarmed. There were three distinct shocks recorded on the
instruments at Harrison House."
_______________________________________________
Chilliwack Progress, The, Chilliwack, B.C., August 19, 1915
"CHILLIWACK VALLEY EXPERIENCES SHAKE
"Late sleepers rudely awakened by a general shaking up of surrounding
no damage.
"Chilliwack city and valley experienced a real live shake yesterday
morning a few minutes after six o'clock, which lasted several seconds.
The tremor was the most pronounced experienced since 1871, and was
sufficient to arouse late sleepers, by the shaking of houses and the
rattling of windows. Whether the shake was caused by a real earthquake
or the fall of a massive glacier in the mountains caused by a long
season of dry weather is a matter of conjecture.
"The latter view is accepted by many from the fact that the dis--
turbance appears to have been confined to the valley, including the
Agassiz district. In 1871, it was discovered after the shock of that
time, that a big slice of Mt. Cheam peak had dropped about one thousand
feet. "
_______________________________________________
Penticton Herald, The, Penticton, B.C., August 19, 1915
"SMALL QUAKE WAS FELT IN PENTICTON
"Earth tremor was noticeable all over province - from Mount Baker.
"A distinct earth tremor was felt here at 6:05 o'clock yesterday
morning. Dishes rattled on the pantry shelves, furniture and fixtures
in the houses shook and citilens generally accustomed to waiting until
the respectable hour of eight before waking in the morning woke rather
suddenly.
"it is seven years since there was any evidence of an earthquake
shock in Penticton. Two years ago, there was a very distinct shock in
Vancouver and several buildings were slightly strained.
"Insofar as can be learned absolutely no damage was done here on
Wednesday. The houses shook for two or three seconds as if in a very
strong gale, but that was all. Most of the sleepers in the upper floors
woke up, but those slumbering closer to the ground, say that they did
not know that there was a tremor at all.
"A report last night from Victoria stated that the location of the
event which shook the whole province yesterday morning, was placed at
near Mt. Baker."
_______________________________________________
Vernon News, The, August 19, 1915
"TOWN AND DISTRICT
"A slight earthquake shock was felt by many in this city on Wednesday
morning shortly after five o'clock. it seems to have been a little more
noticeable at Coldstream than in town."
_______________________________________________
Penticton Herald, The, Penticton, B.C., March 2, 1916
"FAIRVIEW
"A slight earthquake shock was felt here about half past five
o'clock on Tuesday evening last."
_______________________________________________
Chilliwack Progress, The, Chilliwack, B.C., January 29, 1920
"CITY FELT SHOCK OF EARTHQUAKE
"The earthquake that shook the coast was distinctly felt in Chilliwack,
several persons becoming slightly alarmed. From reports in of persons
who were at the coast, the tremor here was very slight in corvarison and
no damage has been recorded. While there it appears to have been a
distinct swaying, here it was rather a shaking motion, rattling dooro
and windows.
"The quake occurred at 11:10 Friday evening and lasted for five
seconds. At first many persons thought that the tremor was caused by
the high wind then prevailing and some in the city put it down to a
motor truck passing nearby. On the coast, rumbling sounds are said to
have been heard."
_______________________________________________
Chilliwack Progress, The, Chilliwack, B.C., August 13, 1924
"QUAKE IN SUMAS
"Residents of Huntingdon, Sumas and the district for some 6 miles
around were awakened at about 3 o'clock Thursday morning by an earth-
quake tremor which knocked small articles from mantelpieces and other
high places in their homes. No damage was done."
_______________________________________________
Penticton Herald, The, Penticton, B.C., June 30, 1925
"Tables moved, chair rocked here Saturday when slight tremors.
"Penticton visited by slight tremors of earthquake which devastated
Santa Barbara, California. Chandelier in store sways violently, and
pedestrians feel dizzy sensations. Lasted only a few seconds.
"Slight earthquake tremors were felt in Penticton at about 5:20 on
Saturday afternoon, which are believed to have been in connection with
the great earthquake in Santa Barbara, Califor-nia on Sunday which laid
waste to the city. The movement of the earth here is reported to have
been quite pronounced, lasting however only for a few seconds. Upon the
occasion of the great quake in San Francisco about 20 years ago, tremors
were felt quite perceptibly in Penticton district and particularly at
Peachland.
"No word has come from Victoria reporting detection of earthquake
tremors in British Columbia on Saturday, but many Penticton citizens are
confident that a slight earthquake was experienced here. Pedestrians on
Main Street at the time mentioned have reported a dizzy, whirling sensation
lasting for a brief period, and in one of the stores on the west side of
the street, the chandelier commenced to sway violently and even the
heavy counters moved slightly.
"At one residence on Winnipeg Street, the occupants were astounded
to see the chairs suddenly start to rock back and forth.
"Penticton has been visited by slight earthquake tremors at least
4 times in the last 20 years."
_______________________________________________
Chilliwack Progress, The, Chilliwack, B.C., April 23, 1931
EARTHQUAKE QUIVER FELT AT SARDIS AND SUMAS
"Many residents in the Sardis and Sumas areas report having felt the earth tremors which
occurred Friday night shortly before 8 o'clock. The shocks were felt at Seattle, Bellingham,
Vancouver and Victoria, but were not noticed in the city so far as learned."
_______________________________________________
Chilliwack Progress, The, Chilliwack, B.C., April 30, 1931
"EARTHQUAKE DAMAGES ABBOTSFORD RESERVOIR
"Abbotsford is probably the first town in British Columbia able to
claim to have suffered damage to civic property by an earthquake. As a
privilege available to the town commissionairs, it is not likely to be
voiced above a whisper. But the proof is to be seen at the new town
water reservoir, where a large crack appeared immediately after Friday
evening's seismic shiver. Also more than one basement has shown new
cracks, some doors in local homes don't swing like they used to, and as
we scribble this, we notice a nervous neighbour carefully inspecting
the mortar between the bricks of his chimey.
"But then--earthquakes are a novelty here--yet.
"(Watch for the daily scream head, 'Town of Abbotsford Razed by
Earthquake)--Abbotsford News"
_______________________________________________
Chilliwack Progress, The, Chilliwack, B.C., December 31, 1931
EARTHQUIVER FELT AT SARDIS AND SUMAS
_______________________________________________
Chilliwack Progress, The, Chilliwack, B.C. July 28, 1932
"TREMBLOR FELT IN CHILLIWACK RESIDENTS SAY
"An earth shock, believed to have been the same as was felt in
Seattle at 1O p.m. last Sunday was felt to a lesser degree in Chilliwack,
according to John L. Sheldon, Sr., who writes The Progress about his
sensations.
etc. (RSL - additional information about quakes after 1928)
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Washington Public Power Supply System, Preliminary
Safety Analysis Report,
WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 1, 1300 MW Nuclear Power Plant, Vol. 2A.
1977
Tables 2R-E18 and 2R-E14D
(RSL Comments: This material is extracted from Washington Public Power Supply System, Preliminary
Safety Analysis Report,
WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 1, 1300 MW Nuclear Power Plant, Vol. 2A.
Vol, 2A has a submittal letter dated September 19, 1977. We have copy number 82.
The letter states that Amendment 23 is the response of WPPSS to a request to re-evaluate the
1872 earthquake.
Vol. 2A includes the following:
2R-A "Report of the Review Panel on the December 14, 1872 earthquake" by Coombs, Milne,
Nuttli, and Slemmons (excluding verbatim original accounts)
2R-B "A review of the North Cascade earthquake of 14 December 1872" by Woodward-Clyde
2R-C "Tectonic Evolution of the Pacific Northwest Precambrian to present", by Gregory A. Davis
2R-D "Geologic Studies in the 1872 earthquake Epicentra Region", by Shannon and Wilson
2R-E "Geophysical and Seismological Studies in the 1872 earthquake epicentral region", by
Weston Geophysical
This record contains Tables 2R-E18 and 2R-E14D, which go together
________________________________________________________
TABLE 2R E- 18
ADDITIONAL UNCATALOGED FINDINGS
WASHINGTON, VANCOUVER ISLAND,
EASTERN, NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA
February 28, 1864
February 18, 1872
April 4, 1877
September 19, 1877
September 23, 1891
December 6, 1891
December 23, 1898
November 18, 1900
October 6, 1905
October 3, 1906
October 3, 1906
September 1, 1907
January 4, 1908
April 9, 1908
March 1910
July 19, 1910
September 1938
Date and time are given as Pacific Standard Time.
Complete descriptive accounts are listed in Listing D,
"Other Seismicity: Documentary Accounts of New Events".
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
TABLE 2R E-14d
LISTING D
OTHER SEISMICITY
DOCUMENTARY ACCOUNTS OF NEW EVENTS
Victoria Daily Colonist, Victoria, B.C., March 14, 1864
"SHOCK OF AN EARTHQUAKE
"We have received the following from a rural correspondent:--'The
shock of an earthquake was felt on Thorne's Creek, three miles east of
Fort Langley, on Sunday the 28th of Feb. last at 7 1/2, in the evening. It
was accompanied by a hoarse thundering rumble, and lasted for about
thirty seconds. The sky was at the time clear and brilliant and the
atmosphere calm and mild. So frightful was the commotion of its quick
and awful rockings as to make it a moment of great suspense as to whether
the beholder would be buried with the log shanty, which cracked, rolled
and tottered around him, in a conglomerated mass of hetrogenious ruin.
Its course was across the Creek, from north to south.--Ib'
"(Query. Has Artemus Ward strayed up to the neighborhood of Thorne's
Creek?--Ed. ) "
________________________________________________________
Victoria Daily Colonist, Victoria, B.C., February 20, 1872
"PHENOMENA ON SUNDAY EVENING
"Between 7 and 7:30 o'clock on Sunday evening there occurred a
remarkable stillness in the air and an oppressive, heated condition of
the atmosphere which forbade the slighest suspicion of frost. Worshippers
at the churches felt the air grow oppressively warm and not a few laid
aside their wrappers and overcoats. This 'heated term' continued until
7:35 o'clock when a veritable earthquake shook the city. The shock came
with a rush and a sweep similar to that of a heavy gust of wind. The
buildings vibrated slightly and gas-burners moved rapidly from side to
side, lights flickered and flared for a few seconds, and then everything
settled back to a state of accustomed steadiness. -In a few moments the
atmosphere grew as suddenly cool as it had before become warm, and by
8:15 o'clock a cold current of air was flowing from the Northwest."
________________________________________________________
Victoria Daily Colonist, Victoria, B.C., September 23, 1877
"Westminster and Nanaimo papers report a slight earthquake at 15
minutes to 11 o'clock Wednesday night which rattled doors, windows and
crockery. The shock, if felt at all, was scarcely perceptible here."
________________________________________________________
Victoria Daily Colonist, Victoria, B.C., April 5, 1877
"At about 4 o'clock yesterday morning a slight tremor of Mother
Earth was felt by several persons who happened to be out of bed at the
time. But the motion was so slight as to cause some doubt as to its
real character. At 22 minutes to six o'clock-one hour and 38 minutes
later on-there was a violent and unmistakable disturbance of the sublunary
sphere. The shock seemed to travel from east to west. -It was accompanied
by a loud rolling sound as if of a heavy cart being driven rapidly
through the streets, and ended with a bang! like the report of a cannon
fired a mile or two away. The force of the shock and accompanying noise
and clatter woke nearly everyone who chanced to be asleep at the time.
Houses rooked, crockery rattled, and doors and windows shook violently.
In some houses crockery was thrown from the shelves and broken. In
Langley & Co.'s drug store a number of glass chimnies were shaken from
the shelves and smashed. We have heard of no damage to persons or
dwellings. From New Westminster we hear that the shock was not felt
there."
________________________________________________________
Chilliwack Progress, The, Chillwack, B.C., October 1, 1891
"Westminster was visited by a sharp shock of earthquake last Wednesday
morning about 4 o'clock. Many citizens were awakened by the shaking of
their dwellings and the low rumbling sound which accompanied the shock.
As nearly as can be ascertained the earthquake occurred at precisely
8:44 o'clock, and it lasted nearly 10 seconds. The shock was felt at
Victoria nearly four minutes earlier, which indicates that the earthquake
travelled in a northeasterly direction. The shock was severe at Victoria
and lasted seven seconds, but did no damage to property. Reports of
this unusual occurrence from other portions of the Province will be
awaited with interest."
________________________________________________________
Chilliwack Progress, The, Chilliwack, B.C., December 10, 1891
"An earthquake shock was felt at Port Haney Sunday afternoon about
3:30. The shock lasted a few seconds but did no damage. The tremor
terrified the townspeople, shook the windows of the houses, disturbed
pictures and other household items.
"Victorians were given a reminder of the dreadful earthquakes that
have been doing so much destruction in Japan in shape of a slight shock
about 3:30 Sunday afternoon. Buildings shook, glass ware threatened to
fall, ladies screamed and turned pale, but nothing was damaged in any
way. "
________________________________________________________
Vernon News, The, Vernon, B.C., December 29, 1898
"A slight earthquake shock was experienced in Victoria last Friday."
________________________________________________________
Victoria Daily Colonist, Victoria, B.C., December 2, 1900
"RECENT EARTHQUAKE
"Why the one recently felt here was not recorded by seismograph.
"For the benefit of those who thought they felt an earthquake on
the afternoon of Sunday a fortnight ago, a Colonist representative has
obtained the following information from the meteorological office upon
the subject: The photograph traced from the seismograph installed in
the basement of the old customs offices, recorded no Less than five
distinct shocks during the week ending Saturday, November 24. The first
shock occurred at 6:28 a.m. on Sunday the 18th, and from the form of
vibration may have originated some hundreds of miles away. The next
occurred at 7:48 and 7:51 A.M. of the same day as two sharp but small
vibrations, and from their appearance seem of local origin Strange (at
least to the uninitiated) the shock felt in the afternoon did not cause
the instrument to move, though it has been conclusively proved that this
instrument is so sensitive that it is constantly recording earthquakes
that occur at all quarters of the globe.
"The cause for this is that the recording part of this instrument
which consists of a long horizontal broom, is suspended pointing exactly
south; therefore should the earthquake waves travel east or west they
cause the broom to swing; where as, as sometimes happens, these waves
travel directly from north or south, when as they pass under this station,
they can only tip the broom up and down, but not sideways. -It so happens
that the Sunday afternoon quake did travel from north or south, for from
further information, it is learned that it was distinctly felt on the
Gorge Road, at the Pacific club, on fort street, and in a house on the
Dallas road., near Menzies street, the time being about 2 o'clock before
the close of the week, no less than three more shocks were recorded and
none of these were of local origin, on the contrary they were of a type
of vibrations whose birth place was probably the other side of the
world."
________________________________________________________
Chilliwack Progress, The, Chilliwack, B.C., October 11, 1905
"Nanaimo, B.C. Oct. 7 - Two severe shocks of earthquake following
each other in quick succession were felt here at 11:25 last night. The
first shock was preceded by the low, rumbling roar, terminating in a
sharp shock of 10 seconds duration. Buildings trembled, whole dishes
rattled and tumbled to the floor in every house. The shock was the most
severe ever experience here. On Commercial St. the shock was very
severe. Mr. Albert Booth, the night operator at the CPR telegraph
office was busy taking the report, when suddenly he was almost wrenched
from his chair by the force of the shock."
________________________________________________________
Victoria Daily Times, Victoria, B.C., October 3, 1906
"EARTHQUAKE SHOCK AT THE COAL CITY
"(Special to the Times)
"Nanaimo, B.C. Oct. 3 - An earthquake tremor lasting about two
seconds was experienced here this morning at 12.38 1/2,."
Vernon News, The, Vernon, B.C., February 21, 1907
"EARTHQUAKE AT Nanaimo
"Nanaimo, February l3
"A slight earthquake shock was felt here this morning at l:20."
________________________________________________________
Victoria Daily Times, Victoria, B.C., September 3, 1907
"EARTH TREMOR IS FELT IN VICTORIA
"Shock of one second's duration was experienced on Sunday afternoon.
"An earthquake of about one second's duration was felt in the city
at 1 P.M. on Sunday, the movement being either from north to south or
vice versa. The meteorological office seismograph did not register the
shock on account of the short duration of the movement and the fact that
the local instrument does not register earthquake activity except in the
line between east and west or vice versa. The shock was, however, felt
by a number of persons, especially in the vicinity of Cedar HIll where
it was most pronounced.
"In confirmation of the individual reports concerning a period of
earth unrest received from points adjacent to the city, a telegram to
the Times from Ottawa today announces that: 'The seismograph at the
Dominion Observatory at 12:15 P.M. yesterday recorded a more severe
earthquake movement than it did of the Jamaica earthquake."'
________________________________________________________
Victoria Daily Times, Victoria, B.C., January 29, 1908
"EARTHQUAKE FELT IN BELLA COOLA
"Bella Coola, Jan. 20 - On Saturday, January 4, at 8 P.M. there was
a very distinct shock felt, lasting about 15 seconds; felt principally
in the lower part of the valley. On Saturday, the 5th, the tides were
very high indeed, higher in fact than for the past 12 years; no doubt as
a result of the earthquake shock. No damage was done."
________________________________________________________
Victoria Daily Colonist, Victoria, B.C., April 10, 1908
"SLIGHT EARTH TREMOR
"A slight earth tremor was felt earlu yesterday morning. -It was
not reported by seismographs in other portions of the country."
________________________________________________________
Vancouver Province, Victoria, B.C., April 4, 1910
"QUAKE FELT AT NELSON
"Doors at Provincial Jail Were Shaken last Week.
"Nelson April 4 - W.R. Jarvis, warden of the Provincial Jail
believes that an earthquake tremor was felt in Nelson last week. There
were two occasions on which the cell doors and all the movable iron work
rattled without any apparent cause.
"No train was passing on the track below at the time, and that is
the only circumstance that has ever previously caused a rattle of the
bars in the jail. The guards and prisoners both noticed and commented
on the incidents at the time."
________________________________________________________
Victoria Daily Colonist, Victoria, B.C., July 20, 1910
"EARTH TREMORS REPORTED
"Two slight earth tremors were noticed here yesterday. The first
occurred in the morning and was reported by several people from Rockland
Avenue. The second was noticed about 2:30 P.M. and was especially felt
at CoLwood. It was stated yesterday to be due to changed barometric
pressure consequent on the high temperatures prevailing for the last few
days."
________________________________________________________
Chilliwack Progress, The, Chilliwack, B.C., September 7, 1938
"EARTHQUAKE CRACKS IN SURREY SPUD FIELDS
"Strangest story from the potato fields comes from T. Longstaff,
Cloverdale, who reveals that the dyV spell has developed long and deep
'earthquake' cracks in his soil. This week he found cracks zig-zagged
for lOO to 200 feet, several inches wide at the top, and extending down
five to 20 feet to the water lone.
"They look like the results of earth tremors. The clayish soil has
contracted during the very dry summer and by some mysterious process the
long cracks just 'suddenly appear'. Why the cracks are so long and
clearly marked is not explained, except that they may be set off by a
minor earth tremor. Mere contraction of the dry soil should ordinarily
result in small scattered cracks and a settling."
Washington Public Power Supply System, Preliminary
Safety Analysis Report,
WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 1, 1300 MW Nuclear Power Plant, Vol. 2A.
1977
Table 2R-E1 and Table 2R-E1A
RSL Comments: This material is extracted from Washington Public Power Supply System, Preliminary
Safety Analysis Report,
WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 1, 1300 MW Nuclear Power Plant, Vol. 2A.
Vol, 2A has a submittal letter dated September 19, 1977. We have copy number 82.
The letter states that Amendment 23 is the response of WPPSS to a request to re-evaluate the
1872 earthquake.
Vol. 2A includes the following:
2R-A "Report of the Review Panel on the December 14, 1872 earthquake" by Coombs, Milne,
Nuttli, and Slemmons (excluding verbatim original accounts)
2R-B "A review of the North Cascade earthquake of 14 December 1872" by Woodward-Clyde
2R-C "Tectonic Evolution of the Pacific Northwest Precambrian to present", by Gregory A. Davis
2R-D "Geologic Studies in the 1872 earthquake Epicentra Region", by Shannon and Wilson
2R-E "Geophysical and Seismological Studies in the 1872 earthquake epicentral region", by
Weston Geophysical
This record contains TABLE 2R E-1 and TABLE 2R E-1A
________________________________________________________
TABLE 2R E-1
(Sheet 1 of 13)
CUMULATIVE TABLE OF PUBLISHED DATA
Max. Felt No. of
Event Origin Int. Area Felt Reference
No. Year Mo. Day Time (GMT) Location (MM) Mag. (mi) Local Code** Remarks
37 1905 Oct 19 06:00 Chelan v
WGR
41 1907 Feb 17 20:20 Chelan v
WGR
44 1909 Jan 21 13:00 Chelan iv
WGR
45 1909 May 24 Douglas v 2
TA(265) Rossi-Forel Intensity Scale.
1909 May 24 17:20 47.60N., 120.OOW. 2
EP(74,78)
1909 may 24 47.60N., 120.OOW.
NE(36)
1909 May 24 47.60N., 120.OOW.
RA(465)
55 1915 Mar 05 05:10 Lakeside iv
TA(265) Second shock at 05:30.
1915 Mar 05 Lakeside iv
BR(147)
1915 Mar 05 05:10 Lakeside iv
RA(466)
57 1915 Jul 18 20:54 Lakeside iv
TA(265)
1915 Jul 18 Lakeside iv
BR(147)
1915 Jul 18 20:54 Lakeside iv
RA(466)
58 1915 Aug 18 14:04 marblemount v 7
TA(265) Discrepancies in location
1915 Aug 18 14:05 48.50N., 121.4ow. vi
EP(75,78) (0.50 Lat., 1.00 Long.) and
1915 Aug 18 14:05 49.OON., 120.4ow. vii
BR(147) intensity. BR(147)Intensity
1915 Aug 18 14:05 49.0-N., 120.4-W. vi
NE(36) based on Rossi-Forel
1915 Aug 18 14:05 48.50N., 121.40W. v
RA(466) Intensity Scale.
1915 Aug 18 14:05 48.5-N., 121.4-W. 9
Ml(130)
Max. Felt No. of
Event origin Int. Area Felt Reference
No. Year Mo. Day Time (GMT) Location (MM) Mag. (Mi) Local code** Remarks
59 1915 Aug 18 18:00 Marblemount v TA(265)
1915 Aug 18 18:00 48.50N., 121.40w. 30,000 EP(75,78)
1915 Aug 18 18:00 48032'N., 121026-W. 30,000 BR(147)
1915 Aug 18 18:00 48.50N., 121.40w. NE(36)
EPB 2 1918 Feb 04 20:35 5loN., 1180W. ml(130,131) Recorded at (VIC)
Victoria,
British Columbia.
73 1918 May 07 N. Fork Sauk River iv TA(266)
1918 May 07 48006'N., 121022-W. iv BR(148)
1918 May 07 21:15 N. Fork Sauk River iv RA(466)
78 1920 Oct 07 10:00 Waterville v WGR
95 1926 Dec 30 17:58 Central Washington vi 9 TA(268) Shock felt widely,
but epi-
1926 Dec 30 17:57 E. Central Wash. v 15,000 EP(75,79) central location is
uncer-
1926 Dec 30 17:57 Chelan V-Vi 15,000 RA(467) tain. EP(79).
96 1927 Jan 03 04:58 Leavenworth V+ TA(268) Discrepancy in
intensity.
1927 Jan 03 04:58 Leavenworth BR(149)
1927 Jan 03 04:58 Leavenworth TV NE(37)
1927 Jan 03 04:58 Leavenworth V+ RA(467)
102 1931 Dec 08 14:25 Chelan iii-iv BR(149)
1931 Dec 08 Lakeside, Chelan 3 USE31(21)
1931 Dec 08 14:25 Chelan iv CO(2)
1931 Dec 08 14:25 Lakeside, Chelan 3 NE(38)
1931 Dec 08 14.25 Lakeside, Chelan iv RA(467)
(D
Reference Code, See Table 2R E-la
etc. (additional info on post-1928 earthquakes RSL)
Washington Public Power Supply System, Preliminary
Safety Analysis Report,
WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 1, 1300 MW Nuclear Power Plant, Vol. 2A.
1977
Tables 2R-E17 and 2R-E14C
(RSL Comments: This material is extracted from Washington Public Power Supply System, Preliminary
Safety Analysis Report,
WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 1, 1300 MW Nuclear Power Plant, Vol. 2A.
Vol, 2A has a submittal letter dated September 19, 1977. We have copy number 82.
The letter states that Amendment 23 is the response of WPPSS to a request to re-evaluate the
1872 earthquake.
Vol. 2A includes the following:
2R-A "Report of the Review Panel on the December 14, 1872 earthquake" by Coombs, Milne,
Nuttli, and Slemmons (excluding verbatim origin
al accounts)
2R-B "A review of the North Cascade earthquake of 14 December 1872" by Woodward-Clyde
2R-C "Tectonic Evolution of the Pacific Northwest Precambrian to present", by Gregory A.
Davis
2R-D "Geologic Studies in the 1872 earthquake Epicentra Region", by Shannon and Wilson
2R-E "Geophysical and Seismological Studies in the 1872 earthquake epicentral region", by
Weston Geophysical
This record contains Tables 2R-E17 and 2R-E14C, which go together
________________________________________________________
TABLE 2R E-17
UNCATALOGED FINDINGS: SOUTH-CENTRAL BRITISH COLUMBIA
1880 "...shook the country for miles around..."
January 14, 1897 "...Houses were shaken, crockery rattled,
and a heavy rumbling noise heard. The
effects seem to have been local..."
March 30, 1900 "...two distinct earthquake shocks were
felt..."
February 1902 "A slight earthquake shock..."
August 25, 1915 "...two distinct shocks..."
June 26, 1925** "Slight earthquake tremors... lasted for
only a few seconds."
September 26, 1927 "...In some homes chairs were rocked and
in others the tremor was barely felt,..."
February 28, 1928 "...slight earth tremor ... like a heavy
truck rumbling over a bridge."
August 18, 1930* ..mysterious explosion... rattled
window panes and dishes on the shelves..."
May 2, 1934* "...low rumbling..."
December 2, 1936 "...causing pictures to shake on the
walls...lasted only a few seconds...no
serious damage has been reported."
February 12, 1949** "...sharp earthquake ... walls shook and
windows rattled..."
*Suspected seismic origin.
**Possible documentation of a cataloged event.
Date and time are given as Pacific Standard Time.
See Listing C, South-Central British Columbia Seismicity:
Documentary Accounts of New Events, for complete descriptive
reports.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
TABLE 2R E-14c
LISTING C
SOUTH-CENTRAL BRITISH COLUMBIA SEISMICITY:
DOCUMENTARY ACCOUNTS OF NEW EVENTS
A Pioneer Gentlewoman in British Columbia, edited by
Margaret Ormbsy, University of British Columbia,
(Vancouver, 1976)
"In the fall of '80 there was an earthquake which shook the country
for miles, reaching the Okanagan. Our -Indians were much disturbed
except Cosotasket and Tatlehasket and a few others, hard old nuts. They
thought the "Father" was angry and sent for the priests, and many were
baptized."
Weston Geophysical Research, Inc. Note: The recollections
of Susan Allison.
_______________________________________________
Vernon News, The, Vernon, B.C., January 21, 1897
"TOWN AND DISTRICT
"A distinct earthquake shock was felt in this city on last Thursday
evening about half past seven o'clock. Houses were shaken, crockery
rattled, and a heavy rumbling noise heard. The effects seem to have
been local as we have not heard that it has been noticed in other parts
of the province."
_______________________________________________
Chilliwack Progress, The, Chilliwack, B.C., April 4, 1900
"It is reported on good authority that two distinct earthquake
shocks were felt on Friday evening about ten o'clock. By a strange
coincidence the Premier was at that instant in the midst of his speech
at Henderson's hall. "
_______________________________________________
Chilliwack Progress, April 5, 1950
"Fifty years ago
"April 4, 1900
"Two distinct earthquake shocks felt in district."
Vernon News, The, Vernon, B.C., February 20, 1902
"A slight earthquake shock was felt at Grand Forks last week."
_______________________________________________
Chilliwack Progress, The, Chilliwack, B.C., August 26, 1915
"HOPE NEWS
"Earth tremors, two distinct shocks, were felt in Hope on Wednesday
morning."
_______________________________________________
Penticton Herald, Penticton, B.C., December 10, 1936
"OLIVER FEELS EARTHQUAKE
"Distinct Tremors Felt in South on Three Occasions.
"A tremor which rocked the foundations of buildings throughout the
whole of the south end of the Okanagan was felt on Wednesday evening
December 2 when to the best of everyone's belief, an earthquake disturbed
the peace and serenity of the district. The shock was felt in Oliver
about 9:30 o'clock, causing pictures to shake on the walls and vases to
totter. The earthquake lasted only a few seconds and was followed by a
slight tremor about three minutes later. At various times throughout
the night, slight tremors were felt but no serious damage has been
reported. Another tremor was felt at about 3:30 o'clock the following
morning but had not the velocity of the first shock."
_______________________________________________
Penticton Herald, Penticton, B.C., July 4, 1940
"PIONEER DAYS
"15 years ago in Penticton.
"Slight earthquake tremors were felt in Penticton at about twenty
minutes past five o'clock on Saturday afternoon, June 26, which were
beLieved to be connected with the quake that wrecked much of the town of
Santa Barbara, Cal. The earth movement was even more distinct, although
it lasted for only a few seconds."
Weston Geophysical Research, Inc. Note: This event may in
fact be June 28, 1925, a Montana earthquake.
_______________________________________________
Vernon News, The, Vernon, B.C., February 17, 1949
"DISHES RATTLE, PICTURES SWAY AS IQUAKE FELT
"Kelowna - Goods were shaken from stove shelves and household
furniture shifted when a sharp earthquake rumbled across the Okanagan
Valley a few minutes after 8 o'clock Saturday night of last week.
"The tremor was feat in Peachland, Kelowna, Westbank, Okanagan
Mission and as far south as Naramata. The quake, however, appeared
sharpest in the Summerland district.
"Worshippers at the Summerland Baptist Church rushed from the
structure believing the building had been struck by a heavy truck as
walls shook and windows rattled. No serious damage was done and no
one was injured."
Weston Geophysical Research, Inc. Note: This account may
document February 4, 1949 event.
_______________________________________________
Penticton Herald, Penticton, B.C., September 29, 1927
"QUAKE SHOCK FELT HERE EARLY MONDAY
"A slight but perceptible, earthquake shock was felt in Penticton
early on Monday shortly after 7 o'clock. Of brief duration, it was
probably more pronounced on the beaches than in the town. In some
homes, chairs were rocked and in others the tremor was barely felt, as
Mother Earth adjusted her strata covering in this neighborhood.
"About a year ago, a similar shock was felt in Penticton but much
more so at Narcgnata, at the time when tremors were experienced farther
down the coast and among islands in the Pacific. In the present instance,
there are no reports of earthquakes at other points.
"It is about 14 years since earthquake shocks have been felt here,
other than the 2 chronicled above."
_______________________________________________
Pentiction Herald, Penticton, B.C, September 29, 1927
"Naramata. A elight earth tremor was felt here on Monday morning a
little after 7 o'clock, but seemed to travel in a limited area, being
noticed only in certain locations."
_______________________________________________
Penticton Herald, The, Penticton, B.C., March 1, 1928
"Earth Tremor was noticed on Tuesday (28 Feb.).
"Several residents of Penticton, particularily in the Skaha Lake
section, reported a slight earth tremor about 5 o'clock on Tuesday
morning.
"Mr. McDowell states that the 'quake' was like a heavy truck rumbling
over a bridge."
_______________________________________________
Penticton Herald, Penticton, B.C., August 21, 1930
"A mysterious explosion in the neighborhood of Norton Street shook
nearby houses, rattled window panes and dishes on the shelves at approximately
9:30 o'clock, Monday evening. The explosion took place between Norton
Street and the day banks to the east. it has not been found as yet what
caused the disturbances. No damage was caused by the accident."
_______________________________________________
Penticton Herald, The, Penticton, B.C., May 3, 1934
"ROCK CREEK
"on Wednesday at 4 a.m. there was a low, rumbling sound which
lasted several seconds. Some of the people thought it might have been
from an earthquake somewhere."
etc. (RSL - additional information about quakes after 1928)
Washington Public Power Supply System, Preliminary
Safety Analysis Report,
WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 1, 1300 MW Nuclear Power Plant, Vol. 2A.
1977
Table 2R-E9
(RSL Comments: This material is extracted from Washington Public Power Supply System, Preliminary
Safety Analysis Report,
WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 1, 1300 MW Nuclear Power Plant, Vol. 2A.
Vol, 2A has a submittal letter dated September 19, 1977. We have copy number 82.
The letter states that Amendment 23 is the response of WPPSS to a request to re-evaluate the
1872 earthquake.
Vol. 2A includes the following:
2R-A "Report of the Review Panel on the December 14, 1872 earthquake" by Coombs, Milne,
Nuttli, and Slemmons (excluding verbatim original accounts)
2R-B "A review of the North Cascade earthquake of 14 December 1872" by Woodward-Clyde
2R-C "Tectonic Evolution of the Pacific Northwest Precambrian to present", by Gregory A. Davis
2R-D "Geologic Studies in the 1872 earthquake Epicentra Region", by Shannon and Wilson
2R-E "Geophysical and Seismological Studies in the 1872 earthquake epicentral region", by
Weston Geophysical
TABLE 2R E-9
EARTHQUAKES INVESTIGATED
Epicentral
Map Intensity
No. Year Month Day Location (MM)
1873 Oct 18 Lake Chelan region, Wash.
1874 Jan 17 Yakima, Wash.
1875 May 6 Yakima, Wash.
1875 May 6 Yakima, wash.
19 1891 Sep 2 Ritlville, Wash. iv
1892 Feb 20 Chelan Falls, Wash.
23 1892 Mar 5 North Yakima, Wash. vi
1893 Jan 26? Methow Valley, Wash.
1893 Jul 7 Wenatchee, Wash.
1894 Apr 15 Ellensburg, Wash. iii
30 1897 Dec 15 Lakeside, Wash. v
1898 Jan Lakeside, Wash.
1898 Feb 22 Ellensburg, Wash.
1898 Jun 3 Lakeside, Wash.
37 1905 Oct 16 Chelan, Wash. v
1905 Dec Chelan, Wash.
1906 Nov 16 Chelan, Wash.
41 1907 Feb 17 Chelan, Wash. v
44 1909 Jan 21 Chelan, Wash. iv
1909 May 24 Waterville, Wash.
45 1909 May 24 Chelan-Leavenworth, Wash. v
1914 Feb 1 Lakeside, Wash.
1914 Aug 8 Lakeside, Wash.
1915 Mar 1 Lakeside, Wash.
55 1915 Mar 4 Lakeside, Wash. iv
57 1915 Jul 18 Lakeside, Wash. iv
58 1915 Aug 18 48.50N., 121.40W. vi
59 1915 Aug 18 48.50N., 121.40W. v
70 1918 Feb 28 Yakima, Wash. v
73 1918 May 7 North Fork Sauk River, Wash. iv
75 1918 Nov 1 46.70N., 119.50W. V-Vi
78 1920 Oct 7 Waterville, Wash. v
1922 Jan 31 Republic, Wash.
95 1926 Dec 30 Wenatchee, Wash. v
96 1927 Jan 2 Leavenworth, Wash. v
1930 Oct 7 Lemanasky Lake, Wash.
1931 Sep 18 Lakeside, wash.
102 1931 Dec 8 Lakeside, Wash. iv
1932 Aug 15 Chelan, Wash. iii
1932 Sep 5 Lakeside, Wash.
1933 Apr 29 Chelan, Wash.
1933 May 29 Chelan, wash.
114 1933 May 31 Chelan, Wash. iv
etc. (additional info on post-1928 earthquakes RSL)
Washington Public Power Supply System, Preliminary
Safety Analysis Report,
WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 1, 1300 MW Nuclear Power Plant, Vol. 2A.
1977
Washington Public Power Supply System, Preliminary
Safety Analysis Report,
WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 1, 1300 MW Nuclear Power Plant, Vol. 2A.
Table 2R-E9
1977
Coombs, H.A., W.G. Milne, O.W. Nuttli, and D.B. Slemmons, "Report of the Review Panel
on the December 14, 1872 earthquake",
Appendix B: Reports related to the December 14, 1872 earthquake, pp. 19-20
1976
Coombs, H.A., W.G. Milne, O.W. Nuttli, and D.B. Slemmons, "Report of the Review Panel
on the December 14, 1872 earthquake",
Appendix D: Selected Supporting Information
1976
Coombs, H.A., W.G. Milne, O.W. Nuttli, and D.B. Slemmons, "Report of the Review Panel
on the December 14, 1872 earthquake",
Appendix D: Selected Supporting Information
(RSL comment: this material is extracted from the "Report of the Review Panel on the December 14, 1872 earthquake"
Coombs, H.A., W.G. Milne, O.W. Nuttli, and D.B. Slemmons
December 1976.
Appendix B: Reports related to the December 14, 1872 earthquake; pages 19 -20)
Chelan Leader
September 14, 1899, p 2
Chelan, W. T.
A Volcanic Upheaval
The Leader is informed that about 2 o'clock
p.m. last Sunday, up the lake about 19
miles at E. F. Christie's place, J. A.
Graham saw out near the center of the lake
a peculiar, upheaval of the gassy surface
to the height, apparently, of about 6 or 10
feet. He afterwards watched the waves roll
in towards shore. The water came in like
a tidal wave, all of s'lx feet high, driving
the little steamer Kitten, moored there,
high upon the rocks, then receding, caused
it to upset and sink. Succeeding waves
continued for two hours before the lake
finally quieted down. All observers agree
that there was no wind blowing at the time.
At Mountain Park, four miles this side, T.
R. Gibson says the wave from the upheaval
was only 20 minutes in reaching there. The
steamer Dexter, which came down Tuesday and
assisted in raising the Kitten, reports
that the wave was very noticeable at
Moore's Point and the head.
Judge I. A. Navarre, who came down from 10
miles up 25-mile creek on Tuesday, is said
to have been told by some prospectors up
there that the creek--one of the largesli--
tributaries of the lake--went dry for aboul@
three hours on Sunday afternoon, and then
resumed its natural flow, which, if true,
would indicate a disturbance of some
nature--probably volcanic--in the moun-
tains. It was certainly a strange and
unusual occurrence, and only for the
credibility of our informants, we should be
inclined to think it a great big sell.
Chilliwack Progress
August 19, 1915
Chilliwack, B. C.
CHILLIWACK, B. C.
CHILLIWACK, B. C.
CHILLIWACK, Dec. 15--At 9:25 last night the
inhabitants were startled by a violent shock
of earthquake. The houses commenced to
oscillate; the earth rose like waves of
the sea; the rivers spashed their banks;
horses neighed and cattle lowed. No loss
has been sustained save the displacing
of some fencing.
Chilliwack Valley Experiences Shake
-------------------------
Late Sleepers Rudely Awakened by a General
Shaking Up of Surroundings - No Damage.
-----------------------------
Chilliwack city and valley experienced a
real shake yesterday morning a few minutes
after six o'clock, which lasted several
seconds. The tremor was the most pronounced
experienced since 1871, and was sufficient
to arouse late sleepers, by the shaking of
houses and rattling of windows. Whether
the shake was caused by a real earthquake
or the fall of a massive glacier in the
mountains caused by a long season of dry
weather is a matter of conjecture. The
latter view is accepted by many from that
the disturbance appears to have been con-
fined to the valley, including the Agassiz
district. In 1871 it was discovered after
the shock of that time, that a big slice
of Mount Cheam peak had dropped about one
thousand feet.
(RSL comment: this material is extracted from the "Report of the Review Panel on the December 14, 1872 earthquake"
Coombs, H.A., W.G. Milne, O.W. Nuttli, and D.B. Slemmons
December 1976. Appendix D Selected Supporting Information)
WESTERN VOLCANOES
Chances That Western Washing-
ton May See Disastrous
Eruptions.
Mountain Peaks of the American Andes
and Their Interesting
History.
Professor Plummer's Paper on "Recent
Volcanic Activity" Read Before the
Academy of Science.
Tacoma Ledger-February 28, 1893
The announcement that Mr. Plummer would read a paper on "Recent Volcanic
Activity in Washington," drew to the Annie Wright seminary a full attendance
of the Academy of Science last night. Some brief routine business was quickly
transacted, including the appointment of a committee to arrange with the Al-
pine club to form the fifth department of the academy, and another committee
to consuls with the Commercial club and chamber of commerce regarding an
extra edition of the pamphlet containing Judge Wickersham's recent paper
on "Mount Tacoma." Messers. Taylor, Bingham and General Kautz are the first,
and M. S. Hill, Judge Wickersham and G. W. Thompson composed the second
committee. In this connection letters were received from Dr. Abbott of the
museum of archaeology and palaeontology of the University of Philadelphia,
and the Oneida Historical society of Utica, NY, expressing approbation and
encouragement for the academy's efforts to secure general recognition of the
rightful name of the mountain.
Professor Fred G. Plummer's paper was listened to with close attention,
it follows in full:
During the preparation of this paper the writer has become convinced that
he runs some risk of being call an alarmist, and indeed he must confess, after
a careful study of the subject, there is cause for some apprehension. To say
the very least, it will not be an overexercise of caution for engineers and
architects to give this subject more than a passing thought.
What may occur in the future is entirely a matter of speculation-accurate
prediction is impossible. But we may study the history of this locality and
from it form our opinions as to what may possibly, if not probably, happen at
any moment and without warning.
The Puget Sound valley lies nearly north and south. The sun, moon and
planets rise in the Cascades and set behind the Olympics. In this lowland
nearly eighty miles in width are already many flourishing cities, surrounded
by fertile lands, unlimited forests of timber, a wealth of minerals and with
every facility for commerce. It is the very nearness of our mountain ranges-
with their inexhaustible resources of coal and minerals and water power that
will in time give us supremacy in the commerce of the world; but we will do
well to remember that we are living in a part of the world just made, and that
we view on every side the most recent of the volcanoes of this vast range--
the American Andes.
Bordering the Sound country there are at least twenty prominent peaks from
which eruptions may take place, or which may be centers of earth tremors or
shocks, and several of these have within recent years given ample proof of
life.
The following is a table of the more prominent peaks together with their
directions and distances from Tacoma according to the best available data:
Distance From Elevation
Name -Direction Tacoma-Mile' Ft
Mount Ellner N66 w 42
The Brothers N53 w 40
Mount Olympus N52 w 66 8,150
Mount Constance N42 w 46 7,777
Mount Moriarity N35W 160 5,185
Mount Whymper N34 w 141 5,120
Four Brothers N14 E 130
MduntBaker N16 E 110 11,190
Mount Sheeksan N22 E 118
Mount Sauk N26 E 96
Mount Hozomeen N34 E 128
Mount Bonaparte N51 E 182 6,300
Mount Howard N65 E 75
Mount Stuart N74 E 65
Mount Aix S59 E 66
Mount Tacoma S56 E 41 11,450
Mount Miles S50 E 82
Mount Adams S34 E 85 9,570
Mount Abernathy S23 E 91
Mount Hood S18 E 130
Mount St. Helens S15 E 60 9,759
Saddle Peak S6 E 100
Saddle Mountain S32W 108
To the southward of the above group stretches a long line of cones ending
only at Cape Horn. Among the prominent peaks are Jefferson, Three Sisters,
Diamond, Scott, Pitt, Shasta, St,'Johns, Lassens, Whitney, Orizaba, Ixtaccihuatl,
Potocateptl, Mombaco, Ometepe, Orosi, Cotopaxi, Chimbrazo and Acongagua.
To the northward are Calder, Edgecombe, La Perouse, Crillon, Lituya,
Fairweather, Tebenkof,.Hendrickson, Seattle, Hubbard, Vancouver, Cook, Logan,
St. Elias and ending with a long line ofactive cones extending out and forming
the Alaska Peninsula.
It may well be believed that this enormous chain of upheavals, extending
a length of nearly 9000 miles makes the greatest catastrophe in the geological
history of our planet.
It seems proper to preface this paper with some old Indian traditions, not
because of their having any real scientific value, but rather that they may be
compared with the accounts which follow and with the conditions now known to
exist.
Hamichous legend, as recorded by Winthrop, tells of a wise old Squally-
amish hunter who lived near Nisqually, whose evil spirit, Tamanous, directed
him to ascend Tacoma in search of the precious hiaqua--money. Upon the
sumit the old hunter found the treasure in the crater of the mountain, near
a black lake, to the east of which were three stones resembling a salmon's
head, a torch and an elk's head. The time may come when some siwash Ignatius
Donnelly will affirm that an Indian had reached the summit and that he was
describing a large crater between the three peaks which judging from the
present shape of the mountain, probably existed at some early time.
Another Indian legend recites that ages ago all the Indians around
Mount Tacoma became bad, and Soch-u-le-tyee (God) concluded to dispose
of them. Wishing, however, to save some few good Indians, together with
representatives of the animal creation he directed a noted temanimus
(medicine) man to undertake their delivery. This the temanimus
accomplished by shooting an arrow up into a cloud. it stuck in the cloud.
Then he shot another arrow which stuck into the first. In this way he
fastened together a long line of arrows extending from the cloud to the
earth. The good Indians and animals climbed this rod and so were safely
lodged in the cloud. Then the floods came and fire spouted out of the
mountain and all those bad Indian's were swept from the face of the earth. --After
many days the temanimus man, thinking that the volcanic furor might have abated
enough to make it safe for them to come down, sent several animals out to explore.
The fish finding a nice brook concluded not to go back at all. The duck also
deserted, but the beaver came back with a lump of mud on ms tail, assuming
then that the volcano had ceased to spout and that they might safely venture
out. For this reason the beaver has ever since been held in high esteem while
the fish was then and there sentenced to remain all his life in the water,
and the duck was condemned to a wabbling gait forever. The good Indians and
the animals accordingly descended, the snake coming last, When the temanimus
man saw him crawling out to the rod he broke it off. Hence the snake did
not come down at all, and to that is due the fact that there are no snakes
around Mount Tacoma.
A familiar tradition is one which recites that the ColumbiaRiver formerly
flowed under a natural bridge where it crosses the axis of the Cascades range
and that during a convulsion of rature this bridge fell, and the debris choking
the canyon formed the cascades of the Columbia.
According to the story of John Hiaton (now living) it was about the year
1820 that he witnessed an eruption of Mount Tacoma, accompanied by fire, noise
and earthquake. He had heard from older members of his tribe that this had
happened many times. He had also seen fires from Mount Baker, and a tradition
of his race is to the effect that this mountain was formerly much higher and
that a tremendous explosion threw down the entire south side. The present
shape and condition of the mountain confirms this story. Hiaton also refers to
a tidal wave which washed up the Puyallup valley. This was probably the
effect of submarine volcanic action, It is possible that this was at the
same time and had the same cause as the tidal wave which swept over Santa
Barbara in 1812.
The earliest reliable records of eruptions related to Mounts Hood and St.
Helens, both of which were visible from the early settlements on the
Columbia river. An old historian, Rev. Samuel Parker, tells that "the Indians
say that they have often seen fires in the chasms of Mount Hood. Tilki, the
first chief of the La Dalles Indians, who is a man of more than ordinary
talents, said that he had often seen fires in the fissures of the rocks in
the mountains." A few years ago Captain Symonds, in his report on the
Columbia river, notes-that "persons who have visited Mount Hood say that near
its summit there are places where hot sulphurous gases still escape, and
there are many who claim to have seen smoke in large quantities issuing from
the mountain."
In the story of his explorations Mr. Parker relates that "there was in
August, 1831, an uncommonly dark day, which was thought to have been caused
bv an eruption of a volcano. The whole day was nearly as dark as night,
except a slight red, lurid appearance, which was perceptible until near
night. Lighted candles were necessary during the day. The atmosphere was
filled with ashes, which were very light, like the white ashes of wood, all
having the appearance of being produced by great fires, and yet none were
known to have been in that whole region around. The day was perfectly calm,
without any wind. For a few days after the fires out of doors were noticed
to burn with a bluish flame as though mixed with sulphur. There were no
earthquakes. By observations which were made after the atmosphere became
clear, it was thought the pure, white, perpetual snow upon Mount St. Helens
was discolored, presenting a brown appearance, and therefore it was concluded
that there had been upon it a slight eruption."
In a foot-note this author says: "I have been creditably informed that
lava was ejected at that time from Ilount St, Helens." The Klickitat name of
Mount St. Helens is Tak-one-lat-clah, and means "fire mountain."
The historian, Thornton, in his "Oregon and California" writing of
Mount Hood says: "The Indians affirm they have often seen fires in the
chasms of this mountain. Independent of this, there are many facts that
leave no doubt that this is a volcano. Mount St. Helens is an active
volcano, and was in a state of eruption in the year 1831. With the exception
of a slight red, lurid appearance the day was dark and so completely was
the light of the sun shut out by the smoke and falling ashes that candles
were necessary. The weather was perfectly calm and without wind, and during
several days after the eruption the fires out of doors burned with a bluish
flame as though the atmosphere was filled with sulphur. Credible persons in
Oregon have informed me that they have ora several occasions since seen the
fire and smoke of this volcano. The Rev. Josiah L. Parrish, who is connected
with a Methodist mission in Oregon, informed me that on one occasion he wit-
nessed one of the most remarkable eruptions of this mountain. I regret, however,
not having noted his relation in my journal. The date of the eruption and the
facts connected with it have been obliterated from my memory. I only remember
that the earthquake was felt, no noise was heard and that he saw vast columns i-
of lurid smoke and fire shoot up, which, after attaining a certain elevation, -
spread out in a parallel to the plain of the horizon and presented the appearance
of a vast table supported by immense pillars of convolving flame and smoke."
At 1:40 p.m. Of June 29, 1833, two earthquake shocks Of slight intensity
were felt at Fort Nisqually- A messenger who afterward arrived from Fort
Vancouver, 100 miles to the southward, reported that no shock was
felt at that
point.
The Rev. Gustavus Hines, an oarly missionary to the Colum . bia river coufttry,
writes that "in the month of October 1842, St. Helens was discovered all at
once to be covered with a dense cloud of smoke, which continued to enlarge and
move off in dense masses to the eastward, and filling the heavens in that
direction, presented an appearance like that occasioned by a tremendous
conflagration viewed at a vast distance. When the first volume of smoke had
cleared away it could be distinctly seen from different parts of the country
that an eruption had taken place on the north side of St. Helens, a little
below the summit, and from the smoke that continued to rise from the chasm
or crater it was pronounced to be a volcano in active operation. When the
explosion took place the wind was northwest, and on the same day andextending
from thirty to fifty miles to the southeast there fell showers of ashes or
dust, which covered the ground in some places so as to admit of its being
gathered in quantities. This last phenomena has been of frequent occurrence
and has led many to suppose that volcanic eruptions are not uncommon in this
country."
The explorer, Fremont, says that on the 13th day of November, 1843, two
of the great snow cones (Mounts Tacoma and St. Helens) were in action. "On
the 23rd of November St. Helens scattered its ashes like a light fall of ;now
over the dalles of the Columbia fifty miles away," and it was still burning
on February 16,1844, when another witness described it thus-, "The mountain
burned most magnificently. Dense masses of smoke rose up in immense columns and
wreathed the whole crest of the peak in sombre and massive clouds, and in the
evening its fires lit up the flaky mountain side with a flood of soft, yet
brilliant radiance."
Father De Smet testifies that "in the year 1846 Mounts St, Helens and
Baker became volcanoes, the latter immediately preceding the time of writing
had undergone considerable changes on the side where the crater was formed,"
This corresponds in some degree to the story of John Hiaton, although the
dates are not the same. It is also reported that Mount Tacoma showed signs
of activity at this time.
Settlers of Whatcom County have often seen Mount Baker in a state of
eruption, giving out fire and smoke. One old resident says he has at night upon
the water, several times seen the fires of Mount Baker, the smoke from which
draws down the Skagit valley. Parties who reached the summit in the year 1866,
report that the chasms on the northwest side are ot frightful depth. The top
of the mountain is of solid ice and snow, The crater lies to the southward
and far below the summit. From the top smoke was plainly seen coming from the
crater and a sulphurous smell was plainly perceptable.
In January 1853, persons living down Sound could distinctly see a long.
black streak on the southwest slope of Mount Baker which was variously estimated
at from 1000 to 2000 feet in width. It was several months before this mass of
lava (as it undoubtedly was) had cooled so as to receive the falling snow.
Persons who reached the summit in 1881, report that just south of the peak
is an enormous chasm bearing nearly east and west and at least 1000 feet
beloif the summit. At the bottom of this chasm is the crater, and it was
from its western mouth thip river of lava flowed.,
In 1861 people at Port Ludlow saw Mount Oympus in a state of eruption.
Mrs. Victor, while describing Oregon scenery, says (in 1869) that a
late slight eruption of Mount Hood, lasting for several hours, must have
been distinctly visible at Dalles City.
On Sunday,June 27, 1869, at about-8:30 p.m. quite a severe earthquake
shock was felt at Seattle. Very little damage was done although dishes were
thrown from pantry shelves and many. people were startled by the sharpness
of the shock.
The most violent earthquake of recent times occurred in September of
the year 1870. All evidence goes to prove that the shocks came from the
direction of Mount Olympus in the Olympic range. On the Cowlitz prairies
stock was stampeded, chimneys were destroyed, fences were leveled and in
the houses the chairs rocked and clocks were thrown from the mantels. At
Yelm there were observed two very strong shocks, followed by several
slight ones. Clocks were stopped and many thrown down. Chickens were
thrown off the roosts and chimneys and buildings were cracked. In many places
earth fissures were formed, and on the Columbia river trail it was necessary
to make repairs in many places to prevent accidents to horses. Numerous
cracks were found, some as far east as Okanogan and Yakima. In many parts a
dull rumbling noise was heard. At Olympia houses rocked violently, throwing
down chairs, and destroying crockery, and a child was thrown from its bed.
The maple trees swayed to and fro like inverted pendulums, and people who
stood in the streets to avoid falling chimneys, were thrown to the ground.
In Lewis County many chimneys were broken off close to the roofs. The side-
wheel steamer Alida was lying at her dock at Port Gamble with her stern
pointing north and the dock to the westward. Her officers and her men were-
startled by a strong blow against the guards on the port side, and rushed
out upon the dock thinking the steamer had been run into. A strong swell
immediately began to roll the boat, and from the excited people who had
rushed into the streets, they learned that an earthquake had occurred.
Gamblers deserted their tables, leaving their gold in the scramble to get
out from under buildings. It may be presumed that Port Gamble was well
and truly named. With this earthquake is connected the fall of a
large portion of Mount Tacoma, for upon the first clear day following
the shocks it could be clearly seen that the Liberty Cap Cor north peak)
had lost about eighty acres from its southern end, which h.ad been detached
from the main part of the peak and was distributed down the western slope.
The Liberty Cap now shows a nearly perpendicular face on the southern side
which is plainly visible from points south of Yelm. Were the evidence
as to the direction of the earthquake less clear, it might be argued
that the falling of this immense mass produced the shocks, but the
reverse is probably true. The Puyallup Indians have a tradition that
at one time Tacobet (Mount Tacoma) broke near the summit. A point
fell off and drifted over to the Olympics, and after this phenomena
there was snow on the Olympics--but never before.
On Saturday, the 14th of December, 1872, at 9:40 p.m., a very
strong shock was felt over the whole Puget Sound country and as
far south as Skookumchuck, where trees swayed and created a
panic among stock. In Seattle it was stated by a paper that "With
the exception of the earthquake of 1865 at San Francisco it is doubt-
ful if so violent and long continued a shock has been felt for
years on the entire coast. No damage was done, but the frame
buildings swayed to and fro like small craft at sea. At Olympia roofs
were cracked and the maples swayed violently. People rushed from
hotels and houses in terror and general panic prevailed until the
cessation of the shocks. At Duwamish head a flagpole thirty feet
high waved a distance of four feet. At Seattle several lumber piles
were thrown down." There were three series of shocks, which
witnesses generally agree came from the northeast or from
Mount Baker. In this connection I quote from Mrs. Victor, who
wrote in 1872 that "St. Helens has been frequently known since the
settlement of the country to throw out steam and ashes, scattering
the latter over the country for 100 miles and obscuring the
daylight (on one occasion) so that it was necessary to burn
candles. Mount Baker, more active as a volcano than the other
peaks, has since 1867, suffered loss of height and change of
form consequent on the falling in of the walls of its crater."
Whether the earthquake caused the falling in or the failing
caused the earthquake is a question for debate.
On the 9th of January 1873, several sharp shocks were felt
at Tacoma, and with less force at Seattle. No damage was done.
On November 20th of the same year shocks were felt at Tacoma,
and the following December three shocks were felt at Olympia.
In the year 1874, persons living on the prairies south of
Tacoma distinctly felt several slight shocks.
On Monday, the 7th of December, 1880, at 5:45 p.m.,
strong shocks were felt throughout the Sound country. The
testimony is conflicting as to its direction, but it was either
from Mount Tacoma or from Mount Baker. The Weekly Intelligencer
published at Seattle said in its issue of the following day
that "It consisted of three vibrations in rapid sucession.
People rushed into the streets from stores, restaurants and
saloons.i., No dama e resulted there from so far as could be
learned. The vibrations were from east to west and felt in
all parts of the city and also along the water front. Captain
Ballard of the Zephyr states that he was in his office writing
when the steamer was off Milton point and he felt the shocks very
distinctly. The steamer rocked as though in a rough sea, and
he supposed the commotion was caused by the wave of a passing
steamer and did not learn the real cause until he
arrived in port fifteen minutes afterward. The Chinese portion
of the population were the most frightened and it was an hour or
two after the shock before they subsided and stopped their
jabbering.
On the following Sunday, the 12th of December, at about
9 o'clock in the evening the entire region of 200 miles around
Mount Tacoma experienced a series of sharp earthquakes which
were accompanied by deep rumblings. The ground seemed to
wiggle and twist and cause many panics in churches, hotels and
houses.
Dishes were shaken from pantry shelves, clocks were stopped
and several lamps were overturned, but no very serious damage
resulted. At Tacoma the engineer of a switch locomotive,
who was doing some work under his engine, was startled by
the loud ringing of the bell and called lustily to the fire-
man not to start the locomotive. The ringing of a church bell
caused an alarm of fire to be spread. In the Puyallup and
Stuck valleys the motion was described as waving and like
the swell from the sea. Witnesses near Sumner state
that they could distinctly hear the approach and passage of
the shocks and were conscious of their direction and that they
came from Mount Tacoma. The chimneys of hop-kilns suffered by
the shocks and some buildings were strained.
In the latter part of the same month a Whatcom County paper
said a "high meteor was observed to descend upon the Chuckanut
Mountains, near Samish, a few days ago which illuminated the
heavens and made the earth plainly resound to its striking.
It was probably a rocket from the fireworks of Mount Baker, which
was said to be in a state of eruption at the time."
A clipping from a Seattle paper dated December 21, 1880,
states that considerable excitement was caused yesterday
afternoon by the announcement.that smoke was issuing from one
of the prominent peaks of the coast range of mountains. Hundreds
of people lined the streets to witness the strange phenomena, A
volume of white smoke could plainly be seen rising from the
peaks much as smoke does from the smokestack of a steamer, and
after ascending a short distance would be scattered as if by
the wind. Many brought glasses to bear on the object under
discussion, and the prevailing opinion seemed to be that a new
volcano in a state of eruption had been discovered, while
others throught it might be mist or fog rising from the
gulches in the mountains and looking much like smoke."
In the summer of 1883 Tacoma received a shock which has not been
reported from other localities, Buildings were strained, and one
ordinarily steady-going building is said to have danced on its founds,
tions- The direction of this shock was from Mount Tacoma, as shown
by the swinging of kerosene chandeliers which were hung on hooks. The
stroke of this shock is variously estimated at from three to six inches.
On June 16, 1884, at about 7 p.m., jets of steam were seen shooting
upward from the summit of Mount Tacoma to a considerable height. This
phenomena was repeated at short intervals until darkness cut off the
view. There was no fire, and no earth tremors were reported.
In the fall of 1889 several slight tremors were felt in
the Puyallup valley and in the regions immediately surrounding Mount
Tacoma, and in September, 1891, there were several small shocks
felt at Tacoma, but these were so slight that to my knowledge no
record has been kept of the dates or directions.
On November 20, 1891, at 3:15 p.m., two very perceptible shocks
were felt at Tacoma a few seconds apart.
Climbers in the Cascades in 1891 have seen fires coming from
Mount Hozomeen, which is eastward from Mount Baker, Sheep herders
east of the mountains have frequently seen eruptions bf this mountain
in recent years, and if one report is true this volcano is the
"Old Faithful" of the Cascades.
On April 17, 1892, at 2:55 p.m., two slight shocks were- felt at
Tacoma.
For the purpose of convenient reference the foregoing data is
arranged in tables as follows;
EARTHQUAKES
Year Shocks Force
1820 Several Violent
1833 Two Slight
1869 One Sharp
1870 Two Severe
1872 Three Sharp
1873 Several Sharp
1874 Several Slight
1880 Three Strong
1880 Several Sharp
1883 One Strong
1889 Several Slight
1891 Several Slight
1891 Two Slight
1892 Two Slight
ERUPTIONS
Name Year Duration
Mount Tacoma 1820? --------
Mount Tacoma 1843 - --------
Mount Tacoma 1846 --------
Mount Tacoma 1884 2 Hours
Mount St. Helens 1831 12 Hours
Mount St. Helens 1842 Short
Mount St. Helens 1843 Short
Mount St. Helens 1843-4 85 Days
Mount St. Helens 1846 Short
Mount Baker 1820? --------
Mount Baker 1846 --------
Mount Baker 1853 --------
Mount Baker 1880 --------
Mount Hood 1831? --------
Mount Hood 1869 3?Hours
Mount Hozomo-en 1891 --------
Mount Olympus 1861
Mount Olympus(?) 1880 3?Hours
An eminent seismographer, Professor Alexis Perry, by a long series
of observations and carefully prepared tables, has sought to prove that
there is a relation between the occurrence of,earthquakes and the motions
of the moon. While it may be acknowledged that in the history of the
earth more earthquakes have occurred near the times of new and full
moons than at the quarters, it is still an open question if the moon actually
exerts an influence. That our complaisant satellite may attract the
subterranean fluids as well as those upon the earth's surface needs
no proof, but that there are such fluids is yet to be demonstrated.
Eminent scientists of both hemispheres believe that volcanic eruptions
are chemical rather than mechanical in their nature, and it is now a
favorite theory that volcanic outbursts are the results of the sudden
dntrance of sea water into subterranean caverns. It may, indeed, be argued
that the presence of volcanoes is indicative of comparative safety from
violent earthquakes, inasmuch as they are really great safety valves
which to relieve internal pressures. If this be true Tacoma has nothing
to fear from earthquakes, for we have volcanoes to spare,
The intensity of an earthquake shock depends upon the distance and
depth of the center of activity, as well as the initial violence of the
shock. The intensity is inversely as the square of the distance, and it
follows that a shock which might throw a man off his feet at Mount Tacoma
might be barely perceptible in this city. It is not rpcorded that any of
the earthquakes experienced in the Puget Sound valley have- been fatal to
man or beast, but it is to be remembered that the last shock of any
consequence was in 1880, and at that time there were no tall buildings of
brick or stone to be destroyed. Buildings of wood are more elastic than
those of masonry, and will stand a shock of greater amplitude without
destruction. A comparatively light series of vibrations mig_ht be cumulative
in effect and shatter the strongest and highest of our buildings, while
lower and weaker structures might show no strains. It is only fair to
admit that a shock like that of 1872 might be very disastrous to the
Sound cities as they are now built, and such shocks are quite likely to
occur at any moment if we are to judge by the past.
(RSL comment: this material is extracted from the "Report of the Review Panel on the December 14, 1872 earthquake"
Coombs, H.A., W.G. Milne, O.W. Nuttli, and D.B. Slemmons
December 1976. Appendix D Selected Supporting Information)
TABLE 1
COMPILATION OF FELT REPORTS
14
COMPILATION OF FELT REPORTS: WASHINGTON
Locality- Primary Data Source Date Intensity Remarks
Colfax Oregonian 1/17/1873 No descriptive account for
main shock of 14th.
Colville Simms letter 12/31/1872 v - vi
Spokesman Review 1/8/1906
Walia Walia Union 1212811872;
1/11, 3115, V+
6/i4/1873
Puget Sound Daily Courier 1/2/1873
Region North Oregonian 1/15/1873 Report of doubtful auth-
of Colville enticity - Intensity should
not be used and locality
cannot be plotted. Hold for
corroboration.
Duwamish Head Tacoma Ledger 2/25/1893 Near Seattle, intensity
not plotted, not a period
account.
Elk Plain Puget Sound Express 12/19/1872 Near Steilacoom, not plotted.
Entiat-Ribbon Wenatchee Daily World 8/8/1925 cf Appendix A
Cliffs
Ft. Simcoe Pacific Christian 12/26/1872 iv
Advocate
Kalama Kalama Beacon 12/21/1872 ii - iii
Kittitas Valley Olympia Transcript 1/4/1873 v
Oregonian 1/7/1873
Klickitat Pacific Christian Advocate 12/26/1872 IV+
Washington Standard 1/11/1873 IV+
LaConner Daily British Colonist 12/15/1872 v - vi
Lake Chelan cf Appendix A
Lewis River Daily Oregonian 12/17/1872 iv+ est
COMPi.uATION OF FELT REPORTS: WASHINGTON (Continued)
Locality Primary Data Source Date Intensity Remarks
New Dungeness The Olympia Transcript 2/i/1873 VI est
Olympia Daily PaCific Tribune 12/16,12/17,
12/18/1872 vi
Weekly Echo 12/19/1872
Puget Sound Weekly Courier 12/21/1872
Washington Standard 12/21/1872
Oysterville The Weekly Echo 12/19/1872 Felt report of an earth-
quake on becember 10 at
10:30 P.m. No later dis-
patches pertaining to
December 14.
Pen-a-wawa Walla Walla Statesman 12/21/1872 v
Pine Grove Walla Walla Statesman 12/21/1872 v vi
Port Discovery Daily Puget Sound Courier 12/19/1872 V+ Not plotted; locality
near Port Townsend
Port Gamble Daily Pacific Tribune 12/16/1872 vi
Port Madison The Weekly Echo 12/19/1872 Felt
Port Townsend The Weekly Echo 12/19/1872 Felt
Washington standard 12/21/1872
Oregonian 12/27/1872
Puyallup (River) Oregonian 12/23/1872 Vi+
Daily Pacific Tribune 12/16/1872
The Weekly Echo 12/19/1872
The Dalles Mountaineer 2/l/1873
Washington Standard 12/21/1872 V,
Weekly Intelligencer 2/3/1873
COMPILATION OF FELT REPORTS: WASHINGTON (Continued)
Locality Primary Data qnll-ce Date Intensity Remarks
River Station The Montana Pioneer 12/21/1872 Probably not felt report
Pend Oreille of 14th - time is afternoon,
not evening
Rock Island Oregonian 12/30/1872
San Juan Douglas, G.C. 12/1872 Not plotted
Seattle Daily Pacific Tribune 12/16/1872 v Numerous dispatches and
Victoria Daily Standard 12/16/1872 vi duplicate accounts appear
Weekly Intelligencer 12/16/1872 for Seattle.
Puget Sound Dispatch 12/19/1872
Skokomish The Weekly Echo 1/2/1873 vi
Snoqualmie Weekly Pacific Tribune 12/28/1872 Felt
(Snoqualmie Pass) Willamette Farmer 1/4/1873 Vi?
Spokane County Tiffin V est Location uncertain. Plotted
Garry - at Spokane.
The Oregonian 12/30/1872
.(Spokane Bridge) Walla Walla Statesman 12/21/1872 iv
Steilacoom Puget Sound Express 12/19/1872 v
Stuck Valley The Olympia Transcript 1/25/1873 vi
Tenino Daily Pacific Tribune 12/16/1872 Not Felt
Texas Ferry Walla Walla Statesman 12/21/1872 V est
Tieton Basin Wenatchee World 6/15/1922 Not a period account.
Touchet Walla Walla Weekly 12/21/1872 iii iv
Statesman
Tukanon Idaho Signal 12/21/1872 iv V?
COMPILATION OF FELT REPORTS: WASHINGTON (Continued)
Primary Data Source Date Intensity Remarks
lit-
Tumwater Daily Pacific Tribune 12/16/1872
Vancouver Washington Standard 12/21/1872 Felt
Walla Walla Walla Walla Union 12/21/1872 v
1/4/1873
Walla Walla Weekly
Statesman 12/21/1872 v
Oregonian 1/10/1873
Wallula The Daily Oregonian 12/16/1872 Heavy
Willamette Farmer 12/21/1872
Wenatchee Washington Standard 1/11/1873 vii cf Appendix A, Appendix B.
White Bluffs Oregonian 12/30/1872
White Stone Walla Walla Union 3/15/1873 See slides map. No report
of damage.
Yakima The Oregonian 12/30/1872 V?
The Weekly Intelligencer 1/13/1873
COMPILATION OF FELT REPORTS: BRITISH COLUMBIA
Locality Primary Data Source Date, Intensity Remarks
Barkerville Cariboo Sentinel 12/2L/1872 No local reports; dis-
patches from other areas.
Chilliwack Daily British Colonist 12/17/1872 vi - vii
Mainland Guardian 12/19/1872 vi - vii
The Chilliwack Progress 8/19/1915 Is not a period account. Not
used in intensity evaluation.
Clinton Victoria Daily Standard 12/16/1872 vi - vii
Puget Sound Dispatch 12/19/1872
Oregonian 12/21/1872
Fort Shepherd Walla Walla Union 3/15/1873 Same account found in The
New Northwest, 4/5/1873.
Kootenai The Victoria Daily
Standard 3/12/1873 v - vi
Walla Walla Statesman,
Weekly 3/29/1873
Lytton Victoria Daily Standard 12/16/1872 iv
Matsqui Daily British Colonist 12/151
12/17/1872 v
New Westminster Victoria Daily Standard 12/20/1872 Felt
Nicola Valley Daily British Colonist 12/29/1872 vi
O'Damet Victoria Daily Standard 12/16/1872 iv - v Not plotted. Locality
unknown.
Osoyoos Victoria Daily Standard 1/10/1873 vi - vii
Daily British Colonist 1/10/1873 vi - vii
Mainland Guardian 1/9/1873 vi - vii
Perry Creek Walla Walla Statesman 3/29/1873 Felt
COMPILATION OF FELT REPORTS: IDAHO
Locality Primary Data Source Date Intensity Remarks
Camas Prairie Idaho Signal 12/21/1872 Felt "Felt ... more particu-
larly than elsewhere"
Elk City Idaho Signal 12/21/1872 Felt "Felt very plainly"
Mumford, M.B. 12/15/1872 iv
Lapwai Idaho Signal 12/21/1872 iv
Lewiston Idaho Signal 12/21/1872 v
Walla Walla Union 12/28/1872
Paradise Valley Idaho Signal 12/21/1872 IV+
Reed's Ferry Idaho Signal 12/21/1872 Felt
COMPI 'ION OF FELT REPORTS: BRITISH COLUMBIA )ntinued)
Locality Primary Data Source Date, Intensity Remarks
Quesnell The Cariboo Sentinel 12/21/1872
(Quesnelmouth) Victoria Daily Standard 1/10/1873
Race Rocks Daily British Colonist 12/19/1872 IV? Not plotted, description
not applicable to 14 Dec.
event, pertains to "after-
shock" on 15 Dec.
Shuswap Prairie The Victoria Daily
Standard 2/3/1873 V+
Soda Creek Victoria Daily Standard 12/16/1872 Described as "considerable
violence" but no damage
report.
Vernon The Vernon News 4/2/1936 Period accounts not avail-
able for this locality;
not plotted.
Victoria Daily British Colonist 12/15/1872 vi Numerous duplicate des-
12/17/1872 Vi+ criptions or dispatches
12/19/1872 appear for Victoria.
Daily Oregonian i2/17/1872
Portland Oregonian 12/17/1872
Yale Victoria Daily Standard 12/16/1872 vi
Bushby
COMPILATION OF FELT REPORTS: OREGON
lit Primary Data Source Date Intensity Remarks
Astoria Plaindealer 12/27/1872 v
Aurora Puget Sound Dispatch 12/19/1872 Felt
Daily British Colonist 12/17/1872
Baker City Bedrock Democrat 12/18/1872 v
The Mountain Sentinel 12/21/1872
Canyon City The Weekly Mountaineer 12/28/1872
Cascade Daily Oregonian 12/17/1872 II or NF
The Weekly Echo 12/19/1872
Columbia City Daily Oregonian 12/17/1872 Felt
Corvallis Weekly Corvallis Gazette 12/21/1872 Not Felt
Eugene City Washington Standard 12/21/1872 Felt
The Oregon State Journal 1/4/1873 Not Felt
Jacksonville Democratic Times 12/21/1872 Felt? Local report uncertain.
Jefferson Willamette Farmer 12/21/1872 Felt
LaGrande Bedrock Democrat 12/18/1872 iv - v
Oregon City Daily British Colonist 12/17/1872 Felt
Oregon City Enterprise 12/20/1872
Oro Dell The Mountain Sentinel 12/21/1872 v
Pendleton The Mountain Sentinel 12/21/1872 IV est
Oregonian 1/7/1873
COMPILATION OF FELT REPORTS: OREGON (Continued)
Locality Primary Data Source Date Intensity Remarks
Portland Daily Oregonian 12/16, 17,
19/1872 v
The Catholic Sentinel 12/21/1872
Oregonian 12/30/1872
Rainier Daily Oregonian 12/17/1872 Felt
Roseburg The Plaindealer 12/20, No data regarding local
12/27/1872 report. Not plotted.
Salem Willamette Farmer 12/21/1872 iv
Weekly Mercury 12/20/1872
St. Helens Daily Oregonian 12/17/1872 Felt
The Dalles Weekly Mountaineer 12/21/1872 iii+
Willamette Farmer 12/21/1872
Umatilla Weekly Corvallis Gazette 12/21/1872 Heavy
Washington Standard 12/21/1872
Union The Mountain Sentinel 12/21/1872 iv - v
Weston Oregonian 12/30/1872 Severe
(Head of)
Willow Creek Willamette Farmer 12/28/1872 v Plate I, Willows.
Willow Forks Willamette Farmer 1/4/1873
COMPILATION OF FELT REPORTS: IDAHO
Locality Primary Data Source Date Intensity Remarks
Camas Prairie Idaho Signal 12/21/1872 Felt "Felt ... more particu-
larly than elsewhere"
Elk City Idaho Signal 12/21/1872 Felt "Felt very plainly"
Mumford, M.B. 12/15/1872 iv
Lapwai Idaho Signal 12/21/1872 iv
Lewiston Idaho Signal 12/21/1872 v
Walla Walla Union 12/28/1872
Paradise Valley Idaho Signal 12/21/1872 IV+
Reed's Ferry Idaho Signal 12/21/1872 Felt
COMPILATION OF FELT REPORTS: MONTANA
Locality Primary Data Source Date Intensity Remarks
Bozeman Weekly Montanian 12/19/1872 No local report.
Deer Lodge The New Northwest 12/21/1872 ii - iii
Helena Weekly Montanian 12/19/1872 Felt
Missoula Oregonian 1/7/1873 iii+
Philipsburg The New Northwest 12/21/1872 Felt
distinctly
Virginia City Weekly Montanian 12/19/1872
Washington Public Power Supply System, "WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 2,
Final Safety Analysis Report, Volume 1, Amendment 18"
September 1981
1981
(RSL comment: this material is extracted from the "WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 2, Final Safety Analysis Report, Volume 1, Amendment 18"
September 1981, Washington Public Power Supply System
p. 2.5-120)
The November 1, 1918 Corfu earthquake had an epicentral
intensity of (MM) V-VI, based on intensity reports from the
town of Corfu, Washington, and on reported landslides in the
vicinity of Corfu. Based on the seismograph record at the
Gonzaga University station (SPO) in Spokane, Washington, it
is estimated that this earthquake had a magnitude (MS) of
approximately 4.4.
The Corfu earthquake and aftershock sequence was reported in
the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1918):
The first shock was on November 1st, between 9:15 and
9:30 a.m. This was the most severe and lasted several
seconds; it shook goods from the shelves and caused
landslides for several miles along the hills. We have
had on an average about three shocks every twenty-four
hours since, but lighter. The intensity is estimated
at IV of the RF Scale.
Bingham et al. (1970) refer to a landslide east of Smyrna
Bench, which they attribute to the Corfu earthquake, but it
was not investigated in detail in their field studies.
Fifer (1966) gathered reports that suggests maximum
intensity (MM) IV at White Bluffs which is located 26 km
northwest of the present plant site and 16 km south of
Corfu. The White Bluffs felt reports ind;Lcate that the
epicenter was probably close to the town of Corfu. This
further suggests that the site intensity was likely to be
less than (MM) IV.
The intensity data are shown in Figure 2.5-43 along with an
arc corresponding to the S-P time of 21.7 seconds measured
from the SPO record of the event. An uncertainty of
approximately 1 second or 8 km is noted for the S-P time.
Based on these data, the most likely location for the 1918
event is considered to be sligntly east of Corfu, within the
central portion of the epicentral region shown in Figure
2.5-43. The coordinates for this point are listed in Table
2.5-5. The 1918 Corfu earthquake is similar in location to
the December 20, 1973, Mc4.4 Royal Slope Event, as
discussed in Appendix 2.5J. The Royal Slope Event had a
focal depth of 2.1 km (Malone, 1979), a maximum intensity of
(MM) V, and was felt to a distance of 30 km (Appendix 2.5I).
(RSL comment: this material is extracted from the "WPPSS Nuclear Project No. 2, Final Safety Analysis Report, Volume 1, Amendment 18",
September 1981, Washington Public Power Supply System
p. 2.5-123)
The only other earthquake larger than intensity (MM) V
within 80 km of the site was the March 5, 1893 shock that
occurred near Umatilla, Oregon, about 62 km south of the
site. Townley and Allen (1939) reported the earthquake as
follows:
1893 March 6 (sic) umatilla. A succession of shocks
were felt here to-night. One of the walls of a large
stone building was thrown down by the force of the
shock (VII? VIII?) .
A VII? to VIII? Rossi-Forel (RF) intensity would correspond
to a (MM) VII? intensity.
The East Oregonian, (1893), Pendleton, newspaper of Monday,
March 6, 1893, had the following headline and article:
Earthquake at Umatilla - the little city in the sand
badly shaken up.
Umatilla, Oregon March 6 - At three minutes past 5
O'clock yesterday afternoon an earthquake shock lasting
several seconds passed over this section of the
country. One side of a large stone warehouse tumbled
down, and the building was so badly cracked on all
sides that it will have to be torn down. D. Harris,
agent for the Union Pacific, who was possessing the
building at the time, barely escaped being buried in
the debris.
This appears to have been an earthquake of very limited
extent, because no felt reports from Pendleton itself nor
any towns in the surrounding area were found in the search
of newpapers in Pendleton and Milton-Freewater, Oregon, and
Yakima, Walla Walla, and Spokane, Washington.
The largest circular area about Umatilla that excludes
Pendleton and Yakima has an area of 7,800 km2. The
intensity-felt-area plot, Figure 2.5-53, is based on data
from Table 2.5-6 and shows that a 7,800 km2 area is
compatible with an intensity (MM) V-VI but is an order of
magnitude less than the felt areas associated with intensity
(MM) VII earthquakes. Consequently, the intensity rating of
this earthquake has been reduced to (MM) VI in Table 2.5-5.
(RSL comment: this material is extracted from theWPPSS Nuclear Project No. 2, Final Safety Analysis Report, Volume 1, Amendment 18",
September 1981, Washington Public Power Supply System)
TABLE 2.5-6
Supplement to
"CHRONOLOGICAL LISTING OF EARTHQUAKES WITHIN 200 MILES OF THE SITE"
Page 1 of 8
Epicentral
Year MOS. Day Location Intensity Remarks Reference*
1833 Jun 29 Fort Nisqually TA
Oregon City, Ore occurred between TA
1846 and 1852
1856 Dec 26 Port Townsend, Wash TA
1857 Sep Birch Bay, Wash Whatcom Co. TA
1859 Apr 1 Olympia, Wash. WG-1
1860 May 7 Port Townsend, Wash TA
1866 Nov 30 The Dalles, Ore. WG-2
1866 Dec The Dalles, Ore. Probably Dec. 1 TA
1868 May 30 Mukilteo, Wash. TA
1868 Jun 20 Mukiltoe-Tulalip, Wash. Slight. R
1869 Feb 18 Port Townsend, Wash Slight. R
1870 Jun 7 Vancouver, Wash. R
1871 Jan 20 Olympia, Wash. R
1871 May 19 mt. Rainier, Wash. R
1871 jun 20 Seattle, Wash. WG-2
1872 Walla Walla, Wash. Period from Dec. 16, TA
1872 to Jan. 4, 1873
Many light shocks
felt.
1873 Jan 16 Olympia, Wash R
1873 oct 18 Lake Chelan region, Wash. WG-2
1874 Jan 17 Yakima, Wash.
RD 0
CO .
*Initials are explained at the end of this table co
TABLE 2.5-6(Continued) Page 2 of 8
Epicentral
Year Mos. Day Location Intensi@ Penarks Reference*
1875 May 6 Yakima, Wash. Two shocks felt at R
at 3:30, 3:35 pm.
1875 May 6 Yakima, Wash. Severe at 4:15 pm. R
1878 Apr 1 Puget Sound region, Wash. R
1880 Aug 22 Northwestern Washington TA
1883 Sep 28 Portland, Ore. TA
1886 Apr 15 Bainbridge Isl., Wash. TA
1887 Apr 29 Walla Walla Valley, Wash. TA
1888 Feb 1 Point No Point, Wash. TA
1889 Mar 16 Point No Point, Wash. TA
1889 Oct 20 Point No Point, Wash. TA
1890 Feb 1 Admiralty Head, Wash. TA
1890 Oct 8 Point No Point, Wash. TA
1891 Dec 11 Mt. Baker, Wash. 11: 3 0 arn WG-4
1892 Mar Kalma, Wash. Cowlitz Co. TA
1892 Nov Oregon City, Ore. B & B
co
1893 Jan 26 Methow Valley, Wash. Near Chelan WG-4
1893 Jul Pleasant Ridge, Ore. Near The Dalles B & B
1893 Jul 7 Wenatchee, Wash ' WG-2
1894 NOV 21 Mt. Rainier, Wash. TA
1896 Aug 26 Mt. Hood, Ore. Earthquake? TA
1898 Jan Lakeside, Wash. Slight shocks on TA
Jan. 11, 14, 15
1898 Feb 2 Brinnon, Wash TA
1898 Feb 22 Ellensburg, Wash. TA
1898 Jun 3 Lakeside, Wash. TA
1898 Aug 12 Seattle, Wash. Two light shocks TA
during night of
Aug. 12-13
1900 Sep 28 St. Helens, Ore. B & B
1902 Dec 4 Hood River, Ore. TA
CO
1903 Dec 15 Mt. Rainier, Wash. TA
cc
*Initials are explained at the end of this table
TABLE 2.5-6(Continued) Page 3 of 8
Epicentral
Year Mos. Day Location Intensity Remarks Reference*
1905 Dec Chelan, Wash. 2: cm. date WG-4
uncertain,
1 or 2 Eec.
1906 Nov 19 Chelan, Wash. 5:30 pm WG-4
1909 May 24 Waterville, Wash. TA
1909 Aug 17 Dayton, Wash. Earthquake TA
1910 Feb 7 Portland Ore. R
1912 Jun 6 Southern Puget Somd, Wash. TA
1912 Nov 24 Seattle, Wash. Three slight TA
shocks,
1914 Feb 1 Lakeside, Wash. TA
1914 Aug 8 Lakeside, Wash TA
1915 Apr 22 Puyallup, Wash. R
1915 Oct 19 Fruita, Ore. TA 10
1918 Jun 7 West Seattle, Wash. TA
1919 Jun 5 Seattle, Wash. TA
1920 Nov 29 Spokane, Wash. R
1922 Jan 31 Republic, Wash. R
1923 Sep Sultan, Wash. 47.8 121.8
1928 Jul 5 4 8. 1N. , 121. 6 W. R
1930 Jun 17 46.7 N., 122.5 W. R
1930 Jun 17 47.1 N., 122. W. R
1930 Oct 7 Lemanasky Lake, Wash. R
1931 Jan 20 Sultan, Wash. R rn >
(D @
1931 May 28 Sultan, Wash. R @ m
1931 A@ 19 Sultan, Wash. ri- Z
R (D 0
1931 Sep 18 Lakeside, Wash. R -@ :9
tr m
1931 Dec 29 Sultan, Ilash. R (D Z
1932 Feu 29 Florence, Wash. R F9
1932 Jun 13 Sultan, Wash. R @-Z
RD 0
1934' Jan 11 48 N., 117 W. CO
1934 Feb 8 Sultan, Wash. R F-
1934 Mar 12 Chelan Falls, Wash. WG-7 co
1934 Sep 8 Eliensburg, Wash. 8:12 a.m. WG-8
*Initials are explained at the end of this table
TABLE 2.5-6(Continued) Page 4 of 8
Epicentral
Year Mos. Day Location Intensity remarks Reference*
1934 Sep 17 Ellensburg, Wash. WG-9
1934 Sep 19 Ellensburg, Wash. @VG-9
1934 Sep 20 Ellensbury, Wash. @IG- 8
1934 Sep 27 Ellensburg, Wash. WG-9, 8
1934 Oct 12 Ell(4nsburg, Wash. WG-9
1934 Oct 12 Ellensburg, Wash. WG-9
1934 oct 20 Ellensburg, Wash. WG-9
1934 NW 2 Ellensburg, Wash. WG-9
1934 Nov 2 Ellensburg, Wash.
1934 Nov 2 Ellensburg, Wash.
1934 NOV 19 Ellensburg, Wash. 9
1934 Nov 27 Ellensburg, Wash. WG-9
1934 Dec 1 Ellensburg, Wash. WG-9
co 1934 Dec 1 Ellensburg, Wash.
1934 Dec 2 Ellensburg, Wash.
1934 Dec 2 Ellensburg, Wash.
1935 iui 24 Shelton, Wash. R
1935 Oct 24 Ellensburg, Wash. R
1935 oct 31 Wenatchee, Wash R
1935 Oct 31 Culdesac, Idaho
1936 Mar 22 Alder, Wash. R
1936 Jun 20 Seattle, Wash. R
1936 Jun 20 Bothell, Wash. R m
1936 JUI 15 White Salmon, Wash. R (D 0
1936 iui 15 Mottinger, Wash. R
1936 JUI 15 Walla Wa-Ila, Wash. 11:13 pm. After- R
shock of Jul. 15
1936 JUI 15 Walla Walla, Wash 11:23 pm. After- R F-Z
RD 0
shock of Jul. 15 CO .
1936 JUI 15 Walla Walla, Wash 11:25 pm. After- R F'
shock of Jul. 15. co
*Initials are explained at the end of this table
TABLE 2.5-6(Continued) Page 5 of 8
Epicentral
Year Day Location Intensity Pemarks Peference*
1936 15 Walla Walla, Wash. 11:56 p-n. Af ter- R
shock of Jul. 15
1936 15 Walla Walla, Wash 11:58 pm . After- R
shock of Jul. 15
1936 16 Walla Walla, Wash. 00:10 am. After- R
shock of Jul. 15.
1936 16 Mason City, Wash. 00:25 am. After- R
shock of Jul. 15?
1936 16 W-alla Walla, Wash. 00:27.5 am. After- R
shock of Jul. 15
1936 16 Walla Walla, Wash. 00:38 am. After- R
shock of Jul. 15.
1936 16 Walla Walla, Wash. 01:08 am. After- R
shock of Jul. 15.
1936 16 Walla Walla, Wash. 01:10 am. After- R
shock of Jul. 15
1936 16 Walla Walla, Wash. 03:00 arn. After- R
shock of Jul. 15
1936 16 Dayton, Wash. 08:30 am. After- R
shock of Jul. 15
1936 17 Mottinger, Wash. 10:27 am. After- R U) >
(D :9
shock of Jul. 15 10 m
ri, Z
1936 iui 17 Locywden, Wash. 08:30 am. After- R (D 0
s@.K of Jul. 15 "-i 3
t)' tn
(D z
1936 iui 21 unapine, ore. Eight aftershocks f3 & i3
1936 JUI 25 Seattle, Wash. R?
k.0 0
1936 Aug 28 Walla, Walla, Wash. Aftershock of OD .
Jul. 15. F'
1-
1936 Nov 29 Chelan Falls, Wash. WG-7 CC)
1937 iui 16 Walla Walla, Wash. R
*Initials are explained at the end of this table
TABLE 2.5-6(Continued) Page 6 of 8
Epicentral
Year Mos. Location Intensity Remarks Peference*
1937 A@ 10 Spokane, Wash. R
1937 Sep 20 Walla Walla, Wash. R
1937 Sep 28 Fall City, Wash. R
1937 i@v 26 Darrington, Wash. R
1937 Dec 28 Possession Point, Wash. R
1938 Jan 3 Ariel Dam, Wash. Cowlitz, Co. R
1938 Jan 3 77N R5E Skarnania Co. , two WG-7, 9
shocks.
1938 Apr 29 Arlington, Wash. R
1938 May 9 Walla Walla, Wash. R
1938 May 24 Walla Walla, Wash. Two shocks. R
1939 Jan 28 . -Quilcene, Wash. R
1939 Feb 6 Ellensburg, Wash. R
1939 Jul 22 Clinton, Wash. R
1939 Nov 29 Chelan, Wash. v R
uj
1939 Nov 29 Toutle, Wash. R
1939 Nov 29 Chelan Falls, Wash. Three shocks R
1940 Jan 5 Ephrata, Wash. R
1940 Mar 23 Puyallup, Wash. R
1940 Mar 24 Hyak, Wash. R
1940 Nov 18 Tacoma, Wash. R
1940 Nov 25 Tacoma, Wash Three shocks felt. R
1941 Jan 3 Pullman, Wash. R
In >
(D :9
@ m
rt
1941 Apr 6 Republic, Wash. R
1941 iui 29 Spokane, Wash. R
O' Li
1942 Feb 2 Pullman, Wash. WG-7 (D Z
1942 Mar 4 Chelan Falls, Wash. WG-7
1944 Jan 9 Yakima, Wash. R
RD 0
1944 Jan 28 Chelan Falls, Wash. R 00
1944 May 9 Mullan, Idaho
1945 May 1 North Bend, Wash. R 00
1949 Apr 14 Pullman, Wash. R
*Initials are explained at the end of this table
TABLE 2.5-6(Continued) Page 7 of 8
Epicentral
Year i,4os. Day Location Intensity Remarks Peference*
1952 Oct 12 47.6 N., 122.6 W. R
1954 Acr 22 South Seattle, Wash. Duwamish Valley. R
1954 Apr 24 South Seattle, Wash. DLmanish Valley. R
1954 AFr 26 Soutl-i Seattle, Wash. DLuamish Valley R
Two shocks.
1954 Jun 18 47.6N., 122.6W. Seattle. R
1955 Jan- Othello, Wash. T16 N R31 Press reports nearly R
Mar E-31 200 shocks due to
groundwater loading
from irrigation.
1955 Apr 21 46.8 N., 121.9 W.
1959 iui 11 Deep Lake, Wash. R
1959 JUI 14 Deep Lake, Wash. Water level changes R
noted.
1959 Aug 18 47.9 N., 120.1 W. Chelan. R
1960 may 30 47 53 N., 121 59 W. G4T. Felt?
1960 Jun 15 Longmire, Wash. R
1960 iui 17 46 35 N., 121 39 W. Longmire. R
1960 JUI 27 47 42 N., 121 59 W. Two shocks. R
1960 Aug 7 48 57 N., 121 17 W. R
1960 Aug 16 46 22 N., 121 29 W. Cougar-Skanania Co. R
1961 Jan 5 46 00 N., 122 10 W. Skanania Co. R
1861 Jan 28 48.07N, 122.4W W@2
1961 Feb 9 Cougar, Wash. Swift Dam Powerhouse R
1961 Feb 21 Co@ar, Wash. R m
m
1961 Apr 1 48 41 N., 121 57 W. GMT WG-2 rt Z
1961 May m @
23 47 29 N., 123 19 W. R 5 ,:"
1961 Sep 9? Roosevelt, Wash. R 0- m
1961: Nov 7 Spokane, Wash. Two shocks felt. R %D 0
CO .
1961 Nov 15 46 45 N., 121 52 W. GMT. WG-2
i-,
1961 Nov 26 Oinak, Wash. WG-10 cx,
1961 Dec 25 47 04 N., 122 24 W. GMT. WG-2
*Initials are explained at the end of this table
TABLE 2.5-6(Continued) Page 8 of 8
Epicentral
Year Mos. Day Location Intensity @marks @ference*
1963 Sep 6 44.8N., 117.1 W. @T.
1964 Jan 15 45.9 N., 120.0 W. aqr.
1964 iui 30 47.7 122.1 t4OAA
1967 Dec 19 South Seattle, Wash.
1972 May 23 43,492, 122.427 NOAA
1974 iui 14 47.6N 12b.7W iv M L = 3.3 WG-3A
1974 iui 29 45.9N, 122.6w iv ML = 3.0 WG-3A
1974 Dec 13 45.27 121.6 NOAA
1974 Dec 15 48.3 122.08 NOAA
1975 iun 7 46.2N, 122.9W iv ML = 4.5 WG-3A
1975 Dec 3 43.73 118.47 N@
1976 Apr 8 45.15, 120.8 NOAA
1976 Apr 13 45-10N, 121.6
iv ML = 3.3 WG-See 9, 1A
1976 Apr 13 45.15N, 120.90W iv ML = 3.4 WG-See 9, IA 10
Ln Apr
1976 13 45-15N, 120.87N iii ML = 3.1 WG-See 9, IA
45.18, 121.0
w 1976 Air 13 WG
w
w
*Initials are explained at the end of this table
(RSL 7/1/1995 - No explanation for the initials is given in my copy of this document)